变豆菜属分类、起源与进化研究进展

变豆菜属(Sanicula)是典型的东亚-北美间断分布属,属于北极-第三纪古老区系成分。目前全世界有40种,中国(17种,11个特有种)和美国(22种,13个特有种)是2个分布中心。近年来有关变豆菜属分子系统发育研究表明该属并非单系,不同学者采用了不同的属下分类标准,但属下分类系统和种间界限仍存在争议,特别是药用植物的种类较易混淆。变豆菜属的系统进化研究主要集中在北美Sanicora DC.组及夏威夷Sandwicensis Shan and Constance组的类群,缺少对中国特有种的研究,因此该属的系统位置、起源地、迁移、扩散模式和种间进化关系均不清楚。本文对变豆菜属的分类系统、分类方法、起源和进化的研究进展进行了综述,并提出存在的问题和解决方法。

Review on the taxonomy,origin, and evolution of Sanicula (Umbelliferae)

Sanicula exhibits a typical Eastern Asian-North American discontinuous distribution pattern typical of relicts from the Arcto-Tertiary flora. The genus comprises 40 species with two main centers of diversity:China (17 species, 11 endemics) and the United States (22 species, 13 endemics). Molecular phylogenetic analysis shows that the genus may not be monophyletic. The delimitation of subgenera is controversial, with different criteria emphasized in past studies, and infraspecific relationships remaining unclear (especially among species used as traditional Chinese medicine). However, previous studies have focused on the Sanicula DC. complex in North America or the Sandwicensis Shan and Constance group in Hawaii, excluding samples of endemic species from China. Therefore, explanations of the systematic position, place of origin, and migratory and dispersal patterns of the genus are not complete, nor are the evolutionary relationships among all its constituent taxa known. We present a review of recent research on the classification, origin, and evolution of Sanicula, summarize unsettled taxonomic problems, and discuss plans for future research to resolve these issues.