Mesoderm induction in amphibians and chick |
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Authors: | Surendra Ghaskadbi |
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Institution: | (1) Division of Animal Sciences, Agharkar Research Institute, Agarkar Road, 411004 Pune, India |
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Abstract: | Induction is a process in which the developmental pathway of one cell is controlled by signals emitted from another. Mesoderm
induction is the first inductive interaction in theXenopus enbryo and probably occurs in all vertebrates. It is a very important event as it is implicated in the regulation of morphogenesis.
Nieuwkoop first demonstrated the importance of vegetal endoderm in inducing the mesoderm. Slack and co-workers incorporated
the information obtained from experimental embryology in a “three signal” model for mesoderm induction in amphibians (signals
arising from ventral vegetal hemisphere, dorsal vegetal hemisphere and the organizer). More recent research has resulted in
the detection of mesoderm inducing factors which are members of FGF and TGF--β families. Activin, a member of the TGF-β family, has been shown to induce differential gene expression and cell differentiation in a concentration-dependent manner
giving credence to the theory of morphogen gradients. Study of mesoderm induction in the chick embryo is much more difficult
due to several reasons. Novel experimental approaches, however, have been used which point to the role of activin and FGF
in chick mesoderm induction. The demonstration of mesoderm inducing activity of activin and FGF in other groups of vertebrates,
particularly the chick embryo brings out the possibility of a universal mechanism of mesoderm induction being operative in
all the vertebrates. |
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Keywords: | Embryonic induction mesoderm induction amphibian embryo chick embryo mesoderm inducing factors activin fibroblast growth factor human seminal plasma inhibin |
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