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Molecular phylogeny of the extinct cave lion Panthera leo spelaea |
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| Authors: | Burger Joachim Rosendahl Wilfried Loreille Odile Hemmer Helmut Eriksson Torsten Götherström Anders Hiller Jennifer Collins Matthew J Wess Timothy Alt Kurt W |
| Institution: | aMolecular Archaeology Mainz, Institute of Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Saarstrasse 21, D-55099 Mainz, Germany;bInstitute of Applied Geosciences, Darmstadt University of Technology, Schnittspahnstrasse 9, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany;cInstitute of Zoology, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Saarstrasse 21, D-55099 Mainz, Germany;dBergius Foundation, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Box 50017, SE-10405 Stockholm, Sweden;eDepartment of Evolutionary Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden;fSchool of Civil Engineering and Geoscience, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK;gBiophysics Group, Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Cardiff, Cardiff, Wales, UK |
| Abstract: | To reconstruct the phylogenetic position of the extinct cave lion (Panthera leo spelaea), we sequenced 1 kb of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene from two Pleistocene cave lion DNA samples (47 and 32 ky B.P.). Phylogenetic analysis shows that the ancient sequences form a clade that is most closely related to the extant lions from Africa and Asia; at the same time, cave lions appear to be highly distinct from their living relatives. Our data show that these cave lion sequences represent lineages that were isolated from lions in Africa and Asia since their dispersal over Europe about 600 ky B.P., as they are not found among our sample of extant populations. The cave lion lineages presented here went extinct without mitochondrial descendants on other continents. The high sequence divergence in the cytochrome b gene between cave and modern lions is notable. |
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