The biology of IL-12: coordinating innate and adaptive immune responses |
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Authors: | Watford Wendy T Moriguchi Masato Morinobu Akio O'Shea John J |
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Affiliation: | Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, NIAMS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. |
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Abstract: | Cytokines play critical roles in regulating all aspects of immune responses, including lymphoid development, homeostasis, differentiation, tolerance and memory. Interleukin (IL)-12 is especially important because its expression during infection regulates innate responses and determines the type and duration of adaptive immune response. IL-12 induces interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production by NK, T cells, dendritic cells (DC), and macrophages. IL-12 also promotes the differentiation of naı̈ve CD4+ T cells into T helper 1 (Th1) cells that produce IFN-γ and aid in cell-mediated immunity. As IL-12 is induced by microbial products and regulates the development of adaptive immune cells, IL-12 plays a central role in coordinating innate and adaptive immunity. IL-12 and the recently identified cytokines, IL-23 and IL-27, define a family of related cytokines that induce IFN-γ production and promote T cell expansion and proliferation. |
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