非硬化土路径流侵蚀产沙动力参数分析

采用野外径流冲刷试验的方法，模拟研究非硬化路面土壤剥蚀率与各水动力学参数之间的关系，并建立各自的定量关系式.结果表明： 不同流量和坡度下，平均土壤剥蚀率可以用放水流量和坡度的幂函系数关系进行描述，并随放水流量和坡度的增大而增大，流量对土壤剥蚀率的影响大于坡度；土壤剥蚀率与水流流速呈幂函数关系；土壤剥蚀率与径流动能呈幂函数关系，径流动能对土壤剥蚀率有重要作用；土壤剥蚀率与单宽径流能耗呈线性函数关系，土壤可蚀性参数和临界单宽径流能耗的均值分别为0.120 g·m^-1·J^-1和2.875 g·m^-1·J^-1.放水流量和坡度、单宽能耗可准确地描述道路土壤侵蚀过程并对土壤侵蚀量进行测算.

Analysis of hydrodynamics parameters of runoff erosion and sediment-yielding on unpaved road

By the method of field runoff washout experiment, a simulation study was conducted on the relationships between the soil detachment rate and the hydrodynamic parameters on unpaved road, and the related quantitative formulas were established. Under the conditions of different flow discharges and road gradients, the averaged soil detachment rate increased with increasing flow discharge and road gradient, and the relationships between them could be described by a power function. As compared with road gradient, flow discharge had greater effects on the soil detachment rate. The soil detachment rate had a power relation with water flow velocity and runoff kinetic energy, and the runoff kinetic energy was of importance to the soil detachment rate. The soil detachment rate was linearly correlated with the unit runoff kinetic energy. The averaged soil erodibility was 0.120 g·m^-1·J^-1, and the averaged critical unit runoff kinetic energy was 2.875 g·m^-1·J^-1. Flow discharge, road gradient, and unit runoff kinetic energy could be used to accurately describe the soil erosion process and calculate the soil erosion rate on unpaved road.