河西干旱区白芍养分吸收规律与药效成分积累的关系研究

为揭示河西干旱区白芍干物质积累及营养元素吸收特征和药效成分累积规律，明确影响药效成分积累的营养元素种类，科学制定白芍施肥方案和规范化种植。以甘肃省古浪县古丰镇芍药产业基地4年生白芍为研究对象，通过田间试验测定白芍不同生长期干物质积累特征以及根中9个营养元素含量和3类药效成分含量，并分析白芍根中有效成分含量与营养元素的相关关性。结果表明：（1）随着生育期延续，白芍根部干物质积累先下降后上升，全株干物质积累量逐渐增加，出苗后90-130 d是白芍干物质积累最快的时期，占总积累量的79.29 %，是白芍生长的关键时期。（2）白芍地上部氮、钾含量总体呈下降趋势，而磷素含量总体呈明显增加趋势，而根部氮、磷含量总体呈减少趋势，钾含量变化不明显；地上部和根氮累积总量分别在出苗后130 d和150d达到最高。地上部磷积累量在出苗后150 d达到最大，根部磷积累量分别在出苗后30 d、150 d达到高峰，地上部和根部钾积累量分别在出苗后70 d和150 d达到高峰。地上部氮、钾含量在不同生长时期均高于根部，其磷含量则在出苗后90 d前低于根部，在出苗后110 d后高于根部。（3）根中芍药苷、芍药内酯苷积累量均先升高后降低，最后趋于稳定，多糖积累量表现为高-低-高的变化趋势。（4）芍药苷含量与氮、钙、铜含量呈极显著正相关，与钾含量呈显著正相关，芍药内脂苷含量与氮、钾、钙、铜含量呈极显著正相关，而芍药多糖与各营养元素含量之间没有相关性。可见，白芍氮、磷、钾营养最大效率期在出苗后110～150 d，适时追加氮、钾肥有利于根部生物量的积累，施肥中添加Ca、Cu元素能有效促进白芍药效成分的积累；河西冷凉山区白芍宜在9月中下旬（9月16日以后）采挖。

Nutrient uptake of Paeonia lactiflora and its relationship Accumulation of Medicinal Composition in the Arid Region of Hexi

The rules of nutrient absorption and its relationship with the accumulation of medicinal composition were studied , in order to clarify the types of nutrient elements that affect the accumulation of medicinal components and provide a theoretical basis for the scientific formulation of fertilization plans and standardized planting of Paeonia lactiflora in the Hexi region. The 4-year-old Paeonia lactiflora were taken as the research material in in Gufeng Town, Gulang County, Gansu Province ,the dry matter accumulation characteristics, nine nutrient elements and three types of medicinal composition of Paeonia lactiflora at different growth stages were studied, and the correlation between the content of effective components in Paeonia lactiflora and nutrient elements was explored with field experiments. The results showed that the accumulation of dry matter in the roots of Paeonia lactiflora showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing. The dry matter of the entire plant of Paeonia lactiflora gradually increases with the growth period, and the period of 90 to 130 days after emergence is the fastest period for dry matter accumulation , accounting for 79.29% of the total accumulation. It was a critical period for the growth of Paeonia lactiflora. The nitrogen and potassium content showed decreasing trend, while the phosphorus content showed significant increasing trend in the aboveground parts of Paeonia lactiflora at different growth stages. The nitrogen and phosphorus content showed decreasing trend in the roots, while the potassium content changed little. The total accumulation of aboveground and root nitrogen reached their highest levels at 130 and 150 days after emergence, respectively .The accumulation of aboveground phosphorus reached its maximum at 150 days, while the accumulation of root phosphorus reached its peak at 30 and 150 days after emergence. The accumulation of aboveground potassium reached its maximum at 70 days and the accumulation of root potassium reached its peak at 150 days after emergence. The nitrogen and potassium contents in the aboveground parts were higher than those in the roots at different growth stages, while the phosphorus content was lower than the roots before 90 days and higher than the roots after 110 days after emergence. The accumulation of paeoniflorin and albiflorin in roots first increased, then decreased, and finally stabilized. The accumulation of polysaccharides showed a trend of high low high.The content of paeoniflorin is highly significantly positively correlated with nitrogen, calcium, and copper content, and significantly positively correlated with potassium content. The content of albiflorin is highly significantly positively correlated with nitrogen, potassium, calcium, and copper content, while there is no correlation between polysaccharide and various nutrients.The maximum efficiency period of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrition was 110-150 days after emergence. Nitrogen and potassium fertilizers was beneficial for the accumulation of root biomass. Adding Ca and Cu elements to fertilization could effectively promote the accumulation of effective components in Paeonia lactiflora. Paeonia lactiflora should be harvested in the cold and cool mountainous areas of Hexi in mid to late September (after September 16th).