短裙竹荪和白鬼笔18S rDNA部分序列及其系统学意义

以短裙竹荪 Dictyophoraduplicata(Bosc.)Fisch.]和白鬼笔 (PhallusimpudicusL.:Pers)作为鬼笔目 (Phal lales)的代表种 ,将其部分 1 8SrDNA序列与担子菌门 (Basidiomycota)其他科目 1 2个代表种已知的相关序列进行对比分析 ,以接合菌总状毛霉 (MucorracemosusFres.)为外类群构建系统树 ,探讨鬼笔目在系统分类学中的地位及其亲缘关系。结果表明 ,鬼笔目中竹荪属 (Dictyophora)与鬼笔属 (Phallus)的关系最为密切 ;其次它们与笼头菌科 (Clathraceae)的三叉鬼笔属 (Pseudocolus)关系较近 ,这与传统形态学分类系统一致。此外 ,鬼笔目与J櫣ｌｉｃｈ分类系统中的钉菇目 (Gomphales)、高腹菌目 (Gautieriales)、枝瑚菌目 (Ramariales)及鸡油菌目 (Cantharel lales)的关系较其他目更为密切 ,而与牛肝菌目 (Boletales)和腹菌类的马勃目 (Lycoperdales)及硬皮马勃目 (Scle rodermatales)的亲缘关系则相对较远。这一结果支持了Kirk等将钉菇目、高腹菌目和枝瑚菌目划为鬼笔目的分类观点。

18S rDNA Partial Sequences of Dictyophora duplicata & Phallus impudicus and Their Phylogenetic Implications

Based on the analyses of the determined sequences of Dictyophora duplicata(Bosc.) & Phallus impudicusL.:Pers., representatives of Phallales, and the obtained sequences of 12 representative species of some other basidiomycete orders and 1 zygomycete order, phylogenetic trees of partial 18S rDNA sequences were constructed in which the outgroup was represented by the Mucor racemosus Fres., so as to approach their taxonomic relationships. The results showed that Dictyophora and Phallus were most closely related to Pseudocolus under Clathraceae. It corresponded to the traditional taxonomic system. Besides, Phallales was more closely related to Gomphales, Gautieriales and Cantharellales, but distant from Boletales, Lycoperdales and Sclerodermatales according to order's concepts by Jülich. The result supported the view of Kirk et al, in which Gomphales, Gautieriales and Ramariales were merged into Order Phallales.