红皮云杉外生菌根菌对苗木生长的影响

2000年8～10月自大兴安岭新林林业局和兴隆林业局采集各种林型下的伞菌担子果，进行分离培养、纯化，获得36个菌株。经对红皮云杉室内接种试验获得6个可与红皮云杉共生形成外生菌根的菌株。室内接种试验结果表明，在红皮云杉播种苗上接种菌根菌的时期应在出苗后30d左右。菌根形成的适宜温度为20℃左右。筛选得到的6个菌株对红皮云杉幼苗的生长有明显的促进作用。接种林地菇(Agaricus silvaticus)、031和L15菌株的苗木叶绿素a含量明显高于其他菌株和对照；接种009、004、林地菇和L15菌株的苗木叶绿素b含量也明显高于其他菌株和对照；接种林地菇、L15、031、009和025菌株的苗木与对照苗木在重量上差异显著；其中接种林地菇和L15菌株的苗木比对照苗木分别增加了19.23%和23.08%；接种6个菌株的苗木与对照苗木高度比较差异非常显著，接种林地菇和L15菌株的苗木与对照相比分别增加17.83%和16.37%。室外接种结果表明，接种林地菇的苗木高生长最好，接种70d高于对照9.24%；接种菌株L15的苗木地径生长最好，接种70d高于对照9.92%；接种菌株009的苗木侧根数最多，接种70d高于对照51.91%；接种菌株009的苗木主根最长，接种70d高于对照3.36%；而接种菌株031的苗木全株感染菌根率最高，接种70d高于对照13.90%；接种菌株031的苗木光合作用最强，高于对照20.02%。从几项主要的指标综合来看，菌株L15、菌株009和菌株031是有潜在研究和应用价值的优良菌株。

Effect of ectomycorrhizae on the growth of Picea koraiensis seedlings

Basidioscarps of Agaricales in different Picea koraiensis forest plantations were collected during August-October, 2000. 36 isolaters of species of Agaricales were obtained by isolating and culturing to the basidioscarps. Through indoor inoculation test on seedlings of Picea koraiensis, 6 ectomycorrhizae fungi cultures were obtained from 36 isolaters. The inoculation results show that the period for ectomycorrhizae inoculation to 1-year seedlings of Picea koraiensis should be about 30 days after seedlings emerging, the suitable temperature for ectomycorrhizae forming is about 20 degrees C. 6 ectomycorrhizae strains all have growth-promoting effect to the seedlings of Picea koraiensis. The contents of chlorophyll a of the seedlings inoculated strains of Agaricus silvaticus, 031 and L15 were significantly higher than other strains and control. The contents of chlorophyll b in the seedlings inoculated strains 009, 004, Agaricus silvaticus and L15 were significantly higher than other strains and control. The weights of seedlings which inoculated strains 009, 025, 031, Agaricus silvaticus and L15 were significantly different to control, the weight of seedlings inoculated strains of Agaricus silvaticus and L15 are 19.23% and 23.08% more than control; The heights of the seedlings inoculated 6 strains all have significant difference to control, the weight of seedlings inoculated strains of Agaricus silvaticus and L15 are 17.83% and 16.37% more than control. The results of outdoor inoculation show that the seedlings inoculated Agaricus silvaticus grow best on height, 9.25% more than control after inoculated 70 days; the seedlings inoculated strain L15 grow best on collar diameter, 9.92% more than control after inoculated 70 days; the lateral root numbers of seedlings inoculated strain 009 is largest, 51.91% more than control after inoculated 70 days; the main roots of seedlings inoculated strain 009 are longest, 3.36% more than control after inoculated 70 days; the ectomycorrhizae fungi infestation percentage of seedlings inoculated strain 031 is highest, 13.90% more than control after inoculated 70 days; the photosynthesis of seedlings inoculated strain 031 is more powerful, 20.02% more than control after inoculated 70 days. To sum up, strain 009, strain 031 and strain L15 should be fine strains to seedlings of Picea koraiensis.