Effects of long-term space flights on the organization of the horizontal gaze fixation reaction |
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Authors: | E S Tomilovskaya I B Kozlovskaya |
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Institution: | 1.Institute of Biomedical Problems,Russian Academy of Sciences,Moscow,Russia |
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Abstract: | The results of the Russian-Austrian space experiment Monimir, which was a part of the international space program Austromir, are presented. The characteristics of the horizontal gaze fixation reaction (hGFR) to the visual targets were studied during
long-term space flights. Seven crewmembers of the space station Mir participated in our experiment. The subjects were tested four times before the flight, five times during the flight, and
three to four times after landing. During the flight and after accomplishing, the characteristics of gaze fixation reaction
changed regularly: the reaction time and coefficient of the gain of vestibular-ocular reflex increased; the velocities of
eye-head movements increased and decreased. These changes were indicative of a disturbed control of the vestibular-ocular
reflex under microgravity conditions because of variability of the vestibular input activity. The cosmonauts that had flight
and non-flight professional specializations differed in strategies of their adaptation to the microgravity conditions. In
the former, exposure to microgravity was accompanied by gaze hypermetry and inhibition of head movements; conversely, in the
latter, the velocity of head movements increased, whereas that of saccades decreased. |
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