Evidence for genetic differentiation and divergent selection in an autotetraploid forage grass (Arrhenatherum elatius) |
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Authors: | Stefan Georg Michalski Walter Durka Anke Jentsch Juergen Kreyling Sven Pompe Oliver Schweiger Evelin Willner Carl Beierkuhnlein |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Community Ecology (BZF), UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Strasse 4, 06120, Halle, Germany 2. Geoecology and Physical Geography, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829, Landau, Germany 3. Biogeography, University of Bayreuth, Universit?tsstrasse 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany 4. Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Kn?ll-Strasse 10, 07745, Jena, Germany 5. Genebank Satellite Collections North, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Inselstrasse 9, 23999, Malchow/Poel, Germany
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Abstract: | The use of local provenances in restoration, agriculture and forestry has been identified as measure to sustain biological
diversity and to improve local productivity. However, the delineation of regional provenances is challenging because it requires
the identification of well-defined groups based on spatiogenetic differentiation and/or the evidence of local adaptation.
In this study, we investigate genetic variation at 186 AFLP loci in 46 European accessions of the important grassland species
Arrhenatherum elatius and ask (1) whether genetic variation within accessions differs between European geographical regions; (2) at which spatial
scale populations are structured across Europe and (3) whether putatively adaptive markers contribute to this pattern and
whether these markers can be related to climatic site conditions. Basic expectations of population genetics are likely to
be altered in autotetraploid species, thus, we adopted a band-based approach to estimate genetic diversity and structuring.
Compared to other grasses A. elatius showed high genetic diversity and considerable differentiation among accessions (ΦST = 0.24). Accessions separated in a Western European and a Central/Eastern European group, without further structure within
groups. A genome scan approach identified four potentially adaptive loci, whose band frequencies correlated significantly
with climatic parameters, suggesting that genetic differentiation in A. elatius is also the result of adaptive processes. Knowledge on adaptive loci might in the long run also help to adapt ecosystems
to adverse climate change effects through assisted migration of ecotypes rather than introduction of new species. |
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