Nitrogen and phosphate mass balance in a sub-surface flow constructed wetland for treating municipal wastewater |
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| Authors: | A.K.C. Chung Y. Wu N.F.Y. Tam M.H. Wong |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China;2. Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China;1. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China;2. School of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325000, China;3. Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China;1. College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China;2. State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China;3. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China;1. Independent Researcher, Kievitlaan 9, 2289ED, Rijswijk, The Netherlands;2. IHE Delft, Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611AX, Delft, The Netherlands;1. College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China;2. State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China;3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, PR China;4. Vietnam Maritime University, Haiphong 180000, Viet Nam |
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| Abstract: | This paper reports on the feasibility of using sub-surface horizontal flow constructed wetlands to treat municipal wastewater in Hong Kong. Two different hydraulic retention times (10-day and 5-day) and different types of treatments (with and without vegetation) were investigated. Better performance in the planted treatments was obtained in both hydraulic retention time treatments. Nutrients were better removed in treatments with plants (DOC 68% and 72%; NH4-N 92% and 95%; TKN 65% and 62%; PO4-P 79% and 72%; TP 67% and 52% for 10-day HRT; 5-day HRT treatments). In the unplanted treatments, negative values were achieved in the removal of phosphate in wastewater and the presence of plants could further polish the wastewater so phosphate concentrations decreased in the planted treatments. The effluent concentrations in the planted treatments meet the Inland Water A effluent standard, and they can be used in recreation park in Hong Kong (1 mg L−1 of NOx; 15 mg L−1 of NH3; 1 mg L−1 of TP). |
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