头足类腕上吸盘和内壳扫描电镜观察

本文采用扫描电子显微镜对7种头足类腕上的吸盘及乌贼的内壳进行观察。结果表明，蛸科（Octopodidae）的短蛸（Octopus ocellatus）、真蛸（O. vulgaris）和长蛸（O. variabilis）腕的吸盘均无齿，乌贼科（Sepiidae）的日本无针乌贼（Sepia japonica）和金乌贼（S.esculenta）的腕和触腕吸盘上的角质环均有齿，且齿的形状不一样；虎斑乌贼（S. pharoanis）触腕的吸盘角质环光滑无齿，枪乌贼科(Loliginidae)的中国枪乌贼（Uroteuthis chinensis）腕上吸盘的角质环无齿。对３种乌贼的内壳的横切面进行扫描电镜观察，乌贼的内壳的背表面和腹表面的结构均是由文石和铺在上面的球型颗粒构成，但文石的形状和小球的排列存在种间差异，这些差异可以作为头足类的分类辅助特征。

Surface Microstructures of Suckers and Their Endoskeletons in Cephalopods with SEM

In this paper, the surface microstructures of suckers and endoskeletons,which collected from seven species in Cephalopods, were observed by the scanning electron microscope. Methods: Three samples from each structure were fixed with 2.5% pentanediol, and then, cut the suckers, endoskeletons separately into 0.5 cm x 0.5 cm of small pieces. All small pieces should be dehydrated with 30%,70%,95% and 100% alcohol before observed by the scanning electron microscope. Samples would be measured and taken pictures after them were observed. Results:The results showed that suckers of Octopus ocellatus, O. vulgaris and O. variabilis (belong to Octopodidae) had no teeth. There are teeth, on the suckers surface in populations of Sepia japonica and S. esculenta (belong to Sepiidae), and their sucker with cuticular ring. While, their teeth structures are difference in different species. However, in population of S. pharaonis, the suckers with smoothy cuticular ring and have no teeth. While, in the population of Uroteuthis chinensis, their suckers with cuticular rings have no teeth. In those cuttlefishes observed by scanning electron microscopy, all the endoskeletons surfaces (back and ventral) are composed of aragonite and small spherical particles, but the shape of aragonite and the arrangement of the spheric particles are different in different species. Conclusion: Those differences are enough to classify Cephalopods species as auxiliary characters.