甘肃省祁连山国家级自然保护区的黏菌物种多样性

黏菌是森林生态系统中不可或缺的生物资源, 在生态系统中发挥重要的作用。为了探讨黏菌在西北地区森林中的物种多样性及影响物种组成和多样性的因素, 本文对甘肃省祁连山国家级自然保护区进行为期2年的多点调查采样, 获得黏菌标本826份, 经形态学鉴定属于4目5科22属71种, 其中甘肃省新记录种30种。发现鹅绒菌(Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa)等9个物种是祁连山保护区广泛分布的物种, 针叶林中的黏菌总物种数(58种)和特有物种数(38种)均高于阔叶林(33种; 13种), 海拔高度对黏菌多样性无明显影响。主成分分析结果表明, 腐木型基质上的黏菌物种多样性最丰富, 木本基物与草本基物上的黏菌物种组成具有明显差异。研究结果表明, 甘肃省祁连山自然保护区的山地森林带的植被类型与基物类型是影响黏菌物种组成和多样性的重要因素。

Species diversity of myxomycetes in Qilian Mountain National Nature Reserve,Gansu Province

Aims: As indispensable biological resources, myxomycetes play an important role in forest ecosystems. We studied the diversity of myxomycetes and the factors affecting myxomycetes community composition and diversity in the forests of Northwest China. Methods: We collected myxomycetes from multiple locations in Qilian Mountain National Nature Reserve of Gansu province continuously over two years. Specimens were identified by morphological features. Principal component analysis method was used to analyze the relationship between substrates and myxomycetes. Results: In total, we collected 826 specimens of myxomycetes belonged to four orders, five families, 22 genera, and 71 species. Among them, 30 species were newly recorded in Gansu province. We analyzed each species’ distribution and found that nine species, including Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa, were widely distributed in the natural reserve. A total of 58 species, including 38 endemic species, were recorded in coniferous forests, compared to 33 total and 13 endemic species that were recorded in broadleaved forests. The diversity of myxomycetes did not vary significantly over elevation. A principal components analysis showed that the diversity of myxomycetes was richest in rotten wood, and that the species composition of myxomycetes on woody substrates was significantly different from that on herbal substrates. Conclusion: Our results suggests that substrate and vegetation type in montane forests are both important factors affecting myxomycetes community composition and diversity in Qilian Mountain Natural Reserve of Gansu Province.