玉米黄尾球跳甲的发生与防治

调查研究玉米黄尾球跳甲Sphaeroderma apicaleBaly的自然种群动态、自然种群生命表并对其药剂防治策略进行探讨。结果表明:玉米黄尾球跳甲在湖北宜昌1年发生1~2代,以成虫和蛹越冬。越冬代成虫4月中旬始现于田边的杂草,5月上旬迁入大田。百株成虫高峰出现在6月15日和8月7日;性比为0.491;卵始现于5月19日,产卵高峰出现在6月18日;平均卵量123.5粒,单雌最大卵量212粒;6月22日出现最高百株幼虫量。自然种群增长指数(I)为16.20。在发生盛期、高峰期、盛末期,玉米黄尾球跳甲被异角短胸姬小蜂Hemiptarsenus variconisGirault的寄生率分别为14.6,33.6和77.0%。马.辛硫磷1 000倍液和毒死蜱1 000倍液是防治玉米黄尾球跳甲比较理想的农药,校正防治效果分别为76.3%和66.5%;卵和1、2龄幼虫对化学药剂敏感性高,3龄幼虫对化学药剂敏感性低。结合以上的研究,提出玉米黄尾球跳甲的防治策略。

Occurrence and control of Sphaeroderma apicale

The population dynamics and life table of Sphaeroderma apicale Baly were studied.Chemical control was considered.The beetle has 1 or 2 incomplete overlapping generations in one year,overwintered as adults and pupae.The adult appears in mid-April and flies to the cornfield in early May.Two emergency peaks of adults found on June 15th and August 7th,maximum eggs found on Jun 18th,and larvae peak appeared at June 22th.Sex ratio is 0.491,the average fecundity is 123.5 eggs and the maximum is 212.The natural population trend index (I) is 16.20.In the prevailing period,peak period and later period,the percentages of Sphaeroderma apicale parasitoid by Hemiptarsenus variconis Girault respectively are 14.46,33.6 and 77.0% respectively.The best two chemical pesticides were Malathion+Phoxim of 1000× liquid and Chlorpyrifos of 1000× liquid,they could result in 76.3% and 66.5% control effect in the end.