水肥处理对黄瓜土壤养分、酶及微生物多样性的影响

以津优1号黄瓜为试材，设3个土壤相对含水量水平（50%～60%、70%～80%、90%～100%）和2个肥料追施量（600 kg N·hm^-2和420 kg P₂O₅·hm^-2，420 kg N·hm^-2和294 kg P₂O₅·hm^-2）处理，研究了不同水肥供应对日光温室黄瓜土壤养分、酶活性及微生物多样性的影响.结果表明：土壤中NH₄⁺-N含量随施肥量的增加而提高，随土壤相对含水量的增加而降低;水肥供给的增加有利于提高土壤中速效磷含量和蔗糖酶活性;肥料增加使土壤中蛋白酶活性降低，而水分降低使土壤中脲酶活性提高.土壤中微生物多样性与土壤中养分含量无显著相关性，与土壤脲酶活性呈显著正相关，与蔗糖酶活性呈显著负相关.土壤相对含水量70%～80%、氮肥追施量600 kg N·hm^-2和420 kg P₂O₅·hm^-2处理的土壤养分含量、蔗糖酶、磷酸酶和脲酶活性较高，且土壤中微生物多样性和均匀度显著高于其他处理，土壤生产潜力最优.

Effects of different water and fertilizer supply on cucumber soil nutrient content, enzyme activity, and microbial diversity

With cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) variety Jinyou 1 as test material, a greenhouse experiment was conducted to study the effects of different water and fertilizer supply on the cucumber soil nutrient content, enzyme activity, and microbial diversity. Three water regimes (50%-60%, 70%-80%, and 90%-100% soil relative moisture content) and two fertilization practices (600 kg N·hm-2 + 420 kg P2O5·hm-2 and 420 kg N·hm-2+294 kg P2O5·hm-2) were designed. The increase of water and fertilizer supply benefited the increase of soil available P content and sucrase activity. Increasing fertilization rate increased soil NH4+-N content but decreased soil protease activity, and increasing soil relative moisture content decreased the soil NH4+-N content and urease activity. Soil microbial diversity had no significant correlations with soil nutrient contents, but significantly positively correlated with soil urease activity and negatively correlated with soil sucrase activity. Among the treatments, the treatment 70%-80% soil relative moisture content + 600 kg N·hm-2 and 420 kg P2O5·hm-2 had the highest soil nutrient contents, soil urease, sucrase, and phosphatase activities, and soil microbial diversity and evenness, being the best in soil potential productivity.