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Innovative biomarkers in psychiatric disorders: a major clinical challenge in psychiatry |
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| Authors: | Madia Lozupone Davide Seripa Eleonora Stella Maddalena La Montagna Vincenzo Solfrizzi Nicola Quaranta |
| Affiliation: | 1. Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Department of Basic Medicine, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy;2. Geriatric Unit &3. Laboratory of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medical Sciences, IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy;4. Psychiatric Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy;5. Geriatric Medicine-Memory Unit and Rare Disease Centre, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Italy;6. Otolaryngology Unit, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Italy |
| Abstract: | Introduction: Currently, the diagnosis of psychiatric illnesses is based upon DSM-5 criteria. Although endophenotype-specificity for a particular disorder is discussed, the identification of objective biomarkers is ongoing for aiding diagnosis, prognosis, or clinical response to treatment. We need to improve the understanding of the biological abnormalities in psychiatric illnesses across conventional diagnostic boundaries. The present review investigates the innovative post-genomic knowledge used for psychiatric illness diagnostics and treatment response, with a particular focus on proteomics. Areas covered: This review underlines the contribution that psychiatric innovative biomarkers have reached in relation to diagnosis and theragnosis of psychiatric illnesses. Furthermore, it encompasses a reliable representation of their involvement in disease through proteomics, metabolomics/pharmacometabolomics and lipidomics techniques, including the possible role that gut microbiota and CYP2D6 polimorphisms may play in psychiatric illnesses. Expert opinion: Etiologic heterogeneity, variable expressivity, and epigenetics may impact clinical manifestations, making it difficult for a single measurement to be pathognomonic for multifaceted psychiatric disorders. Academic, industry, or government’s partnerships may successfully identify and validate new biomarkers so that unfailing clinical tests can be developed. Proteomics, metabolomics, and lipidomics techniques are considered to be helpful tools beyond neuroimaging and neuropsychology for the phenotypic characterization of brain diseases. |
| Keywords: | Post-genomics diagnostics proteomics techniques lipidomics microbiota lifestyle |