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In vitro antibiofilm and anti‐adhesion effects of magnesium oxide nanoparticles against antibiotic resistant bacteria
Authors:Sumreen Hayat  Saima Muzammil  Muhammad Hidayat Rasool  Zonaira Nisar  Syed Zajif Hussain  Anjum Nasim Sabri  Saba Jamil
Institution:1. Department of Microbiology, Government College University, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan;2. Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Quaid‐e‐Azam Campus, Canal Road, Lahore, PakistanOther address of Sumreem Hayat: Department of Biotechnology, University of Sargodha, University Road, Pakistan.;3. Department of Chemistry, Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Sector U, DHA, Lahore, Pakistan;4. Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Quaid‐e‐Azam Campus, Canal Road, Lahore, Pakistan;5. Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Agriculture University Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Abstract:
The aim of the current investigation was to determine the antibacterial and antibiofilm potential of MgO nanoparticles (NPs) against antibiotic‐resistant clinical strains of bacteria. MgO NPs were synthesized by a wet chemical method and further characterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X‐ray. Antibacterial activity was determined by broth microdilution and agar diffusion methods. The Bradford method was used to assess cellular protein leakage as a result of loss of membrane integrity. Microtiter plate assay following crystal violet staining was employed to determine the effect of MgO NPs on biofilm formation and removal of established biofilms. MIC values ranged between 125 and 500 μg/mL. Moreover, treatment with MgO NPs accelerated rate of membrane disruption, measured as a function of leakage of cellular proteins. Leakage of cellular protein content was greater among gram‐negative bacteria. Cell adherence assay indicated 25.3–49.8% inhibition of bacterial attachment to plastic surfaces. According to a static biofilm method, MgO NPs reduced biofilm formation potential from 31% to 82.9% in a time‐dependent manner. Moreover, NPs also significantly reduced the biomass of 48, 72, 96 and 120 hr old biofilms (P < 0.05). Cytotoxicity experiments using a neutral red assay revealed that MgO NPs are non‐toxic to HeLa cells at concentrations of 15–120 μg/mL. These data provide in vitro scientific evidence that MgO NPs are effective and safe antibiofilm agents that inhibit adhesion, biofilm formation and removal of established biofilms of multidrug‐resistant bacteria.
Keywords:antibiotic resistance  anti‐adhesion  biofilm inhibition  magnesium oxide nanoparticles
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