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Mining the fecal proteome: from biomarkers to personalised medicine
Authors:Ping Jin  Kui Wang
Affiliation:1. Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases and Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education &2. Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, China;3. State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, P.R. China;4. State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, P.R. China
Abstract:Introduction: Fecal proteomics has gained increased prominence in recent years. It can provide insights into the diagnosis and surveillance of many bowel diseases by both identifying potential biomarkers in stool samples and helping identify disease-related pathways. Fecal proteomics has already shown its potential for the discovery and validation of biomarkers for colorectal cancer screening, and the analysis of fecal microbiota by MALDI-MS for the diagnosis of a range of bowel diseases is gaining clinical acceptance.

Areas covered: Based on a comprehensive analysis of the current literature, we introduce the range of sensitive and specific proteomics methods which comprise the current ‘Proteomics Toolbox’, explain how the integration of fecal proteomics with data processing/bioinformatics has been used for the identification of potential biomarkers for both CRC and other gut-related pathologies and analysis of the fecal microbiome, outline some of the current fecal assays in current clinical practice and introduce the concept of personalised medicine which these technologies will help inform.

Expert commentary: Integration of fecal proteomics with other proteomics and genomics strategies as well as bioinformatics is paving the way towards personalised medicine, which will bring with it improved global healthcare.

Keywords:Biomarkers  colorectal cancer  fecal proteomics  mass spectrometry  microbiota  big data  personalised medicine  HUPO
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