Arsenic reduced scale-insect infestation on arsenic hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata L. |
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| Authors: | Shiny Mathews Lena Q Ma Bala Rathinasabapathi Robert H Stamps |
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| Institution: | 1. Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States;2. Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States;3. Department of Environmental Horticulture, MREC, University of Florida, Apopka, FL 32703, United States;1. Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Università di Catania, Via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, Italy;1. Botanical Institute, The University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Str. 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany;2. Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9 Str., 30-387 Cracow, Poland;1. Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan;2. Disaster Prevention and Water Environmental Research Center, National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan;1. Department of Chemical Ecology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany;2. Department of Plant Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany;1. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, and Research Centre of Analysis and Test, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China;2. Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Science, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, PR China;1. Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland;2. School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland |
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| Abstract: | Arsenic hyperaccumulation by Pteris vittata L. (Chinese brake fern) may serve as a defense mechanism against herbivore attack. This study examined the effects of arsenic exposure (0, 5, 15 and 30 mg kg?1) on scale insect (Saissetia neglecta) infestation of P. vittata. Scale insects were counted as a percentage fallen from the plant to the total number of insects after 1 week of As-treatment. The arsenic concentrations in the fronds ranged from 5.40 to 812 mg kg?1. Greater arsenic concentrations resulted in higher percentage of fallen-scale insects (17.2–55.0%). Lower arsenic concentrations (≤5 mg kg?1) showed significantly lower effect on the population compared to 15–30 mg kg?1 (p < 0.05). Arsenic content in the fallen-scale insects was as high as 194 mg kg?1, which indicated that arsenic has been ingested by the scale insects via plant sap. This study is consistent with the hypothesis that arsenic may help P. vittata defend against herbivore's attack. |
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