Impact of temperature on olive (Olea europaea L.) pollen performance in relation to relative humidity and genotype |
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| Authors: | Georgios C Koubouris Ioannis T Metzidakis Miltiadis D Vasilakakis |
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| Institution: | 1. Olive Cultivation and Post Harvest Physiology Laboratory, Institute of Olive Tree and Subtropical Plants, National Agricultural Research Foundation (N.AG.RE.F.), Agrokipio, 73100 Chania, Greece;2. Pomology Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece;1. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja (CRILAR-CONICET), Entre Ríos y Mendoza s/n, Anillaco (5301), La Rioja, Argentina;2. IFEVA, CONICET/Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martín 4453, C.A. Buenos Aires (C1417DSE), Argentina;1. Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran;2. Department of Plant Physiology, College of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran;1. Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology, University of Córdoba, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3), Campus of Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain;2. Spanish Meteorological Agency (AEMET), Madrid, Spain;1. CIHEAM, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari, Via Ceglie 9, Valenzano (BA), Italy;2. CEER, Instututo Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal;3. SAIPEM S.p.A., Ocean Engineering Department, Fano (PU), Italy;4. CMCC, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy;1. CNR-IBIMET, via G. Caproni 8, 50145 Florence, Italy;2. Department of Agri-food Production and Environmental Sciences, University of Florence, P.le delle Cascine 18, 50144 Florence, Italy |
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| Abstract: | Olive varieties ‘Koroneiki’, ‘Kalamata’, ‘Mastoidis’ and ‘Amigdalolia’ were employed in two experiments for 3 years to assess the effect of temperature on olive pollen germination and tube growth in relation to relative humidity and genotype. Pollen samples were subjected to pre-incubation at 10, 20, 30 or 40 °C in combination with decreased air relative humidity – 80, 40, 30 or 20%, respectively – for 24 h to simulate temperature stress that is observed during pollen dispersal; and subsequently in vitro cultured. In the second experiment, pollen was exposed at 15, 20, 25 and 30 °C for 24 h in vitro to evaluate pollen response in conditions of water and nutrients availability and to determine the optimum pollen germination and tube growth temperatures for each cultivar. The highest pre-incubation temperature treatment (40 °C) prevented pollen germination in ‘Koroneiki’ and ‘Mastoidis’, with the less affected varieties (‘Amigdalolia’ and ‘Kalamata’) having average germination percentages of only 7.6 and 2%, respectively. Pre-incubation at 30 °C had a negative impact on pollen germination in ‘Koroneiki’ (?65%), ‘Kalamata’ (?20%) and ‘Amigdalolia’ (?72%) compared to the control (20 °C). Pollen pre-incubation at 40 °C decreased significantly the pollen tube length in ‘Kalamata’ (?50%) and ‘Amigdalolia’ (?52%). In the second experiment, in vitro pollen germination increased after incubation at 25 °C for ‘Koroneiki’ (+6%), ‘Mastoidis’ (+52%), ‘Kalamata’ (+10%) and ‘Amigdalolia’ (+10%) compared to the control (20 °C). At 30 °C germination percentages for ‘Mastoidis’, ‘Kalamata’ and ‘Amigdalolia’ were 8, 6 and 14% higher, respectively, compared to the control (20 °C). Pollen tube length also increased with incubation temperature for all of the studied cultivars. Based on the cumulative stress response index (CSRI) that was calculated for high temperature stress the varieties were classified: ‘Mastoidis’ and ‘Kalamata’ as tolerant and ‘Koroneiki’ and ‘Amigdalolia’ as intermediate at 30 °C while all studied cultivars were sensitive at 40 °C. The observed strong genotype-differentiated response in high and low temperature stress could be exploited by plant breeders towards producing new tolerant olive varieties. |
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