Growth and physiological characteristics of Fritillaria cirrhosa in response to high irradiance and shade in age-related growth phases |
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| Authors: | Xiwen Li Yong Dai Shilin Chen |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, PR China;2. ChengDu enwei group company, Chengdu 610000, PR China;1. Department of Horticultural Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran;2. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, Iran;3. Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran;1. Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang, Zhejiang 311400, PR China;2. Forestry Station of Jiaxing, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314050, PR China;3. Forestry Station of Cixi, Cixi, Zhejiang 315300, PR China;4. School of Agricultural, Forest, and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0317, USA;1. Biotechnology Institute, School of Environment, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian 116028, China;2. Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China;1. School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, King Edward Avenue, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa;2. Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132# Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming, Yunnan, China;3. Traditional Medicinals, 4515 Ross Road, Sebastopol, CA 95472, USA;4. Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132# Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming, Yunnan, China;5. Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 9 Section 4, Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China;6. Bundesamt für Naturschutz (BfN), Konstantinstr. 110, Bonn 53179, Germany;7. Chengdu Tiandi Net Information Technology Ltd., 7, no.1, Chengfei Road, Chengdu 610041, China;8. Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology and Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132# Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming, Yunnan, China |
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| Abstract: | Fritillaria cirrhosa is a perennial and protected species (grade 3) inhabiting the Chuanxi altiplano of China. Unfortunately, large-scale introduction has not been successful. We hypothesized that excess irradiance is a key factor limiting its introduction, especially young phases. The current study compared responses to irradiance and shade in three age-related growth phases to determine whether shading was the primary limiting factor in cultivation. Polypropylene shading nets were used to mimic a natural shading rate under Rhododendron litangense boscages, the primary community type of F. cirrhosa. Growth and physiological characteristics were investigated. Results showed that shade could increase net assimilation of all phases significantly (p < 0.01). The net increased assimilation in YP (YiPiye, two years old) was mainly due to decreasing VPD (vapor pressure deficit) and increasing gs (stomatal conductance). Net increased assimilation in SE (SuErzi, three years old) and DL (DengLonghua, four years old) resulted primarily from decreasing VPD and increasing WUE (water use efficiency). However, shade was not the only limiting factor for introduction. We also examined the importance of canopies to F. cirrhosa growth. Maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) and non-photochemical quenching (qN) did not differ markedly in DL (p > 0.05), either in full light or under a shading net, which indicated that DL could grow well without canopies. Significant differences were observed (p < 0.01) in Fv/Fm of YP and SE; both values were lower than 0.80 in open sites. YP and SE only weakly subsisted without a canopy. This experiment provides original observations on the quantitative responses to irradiance and shade, introducing F. cirrhosa life history to a wider audience. Shading increased the rate of survival and the net assimilations of young F. cirrhosa (in the first three phases). |
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