Soybean root growth inhibition and lignification induced by p-coumaric acid |
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| Authors: | Daniele Iara Lucca Zanardo Rogério Barbosa Lima Maria de Lourdes Lucio Ferrarese Gisele Adriana Bubna Osvaldo Ferrarese-Filho |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan;2. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey;3. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova 35100, Izmir, Turkey;4. Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan;5. Faculty of Bioscience and Applied Chemistry, Hosei University, 3-7-2, Kajinocho, Koganeishi, Tokyo 184-8584, Japan;1. Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, ROC;2. Department of General Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, ROC;3. Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, ROC;4. Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, ROC;1. Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, 200-702, Republic of Korea;2. Institute of Epilepsy Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, 200-702, Republic of Korea |
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| Abstract: | The effects of 0.25–2 mM p-coumaric acid, a phenylpropanoid metabolite with recognized allelopathic properties, were tested on root growth, cell viability, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activities, soluble and cell wall-bound peroxidase (POD) activities, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) level and lignin content and its monomeric composition in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) roots. At ≥0.25 mM, exogenously supplied p-coumaric acid induced premature cessation of root growth, increased POD activity and lignin content and decreased the H2O2 content. At ≥0.5 mM, the allelochemical decreased the cell viability and PAL activity. When applied jointly with PIP (an inhibitor of the cinnamate 4-hydroxylase, C4H), 1 mM p-coumaric acid increased lignin content. In contrast, the application of MDCA (an inhibitor of the 4-coumarate:CoA ligase, 4CL) with p-coumaric acid did not increase lignin content. The lignin monomeric composition of p-coumaric acid-exposed roots revealed a significant increase of p-hydroxyphenyl (H) and guaiacyl (G) units. Taken together, these results suggest that p-coumaric acid's mode of action is entry via the phenylpropanoid pathway, resulting in an increase of H and G lignin monomers that solidify the cell wall and restrict soybean root growth. |
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