The genus Taxodium (Cupressaceae) in the Palaeogene and Neogene of Central Europe |
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Authors: | Lutz Kunzmann Zlatko Kvaček Dieter Hans Mai Harald Walther |
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Affiliation: | 1. Staatliche Naturhistorische Sammlungen Dresden, Museum für Mineralogie und Geologie, Königsbrücker Landstrasse. 159, D-01109 Dresden, Germany;2. Charles-University Prague, Faculty of Science, Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Albertov 6, CZ-128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic;3. Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Abteilung Sammlungen, Invalidenstrasse 43, D-10 115 Berlin, Germany |
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Abstract: | Fossil remains of Taxodium from upper Eocene to lower Miocene localities in Germany, the Czech Republic and Russia are investigated to reconsider taxonomic concepts. It is demonstrated that all material belongs to one species which is named Taxodium dubium (Sternberg) Heer emend. Using the whole-plant concept, T. dubium is considered as a synthetic species comprising foliage, seed cones, seeds, and male cones with pollen in situ. Shared identity of T. dubium and the wood morpho-taxon Taxodioxylon taxodii Gothan is assumed. Taxodium dubium underwent evolutionary changes through the Oligocene expressed mainly in changes of the cone scale ornamentation. To designate this intraspecific variation taxonomically two morpho-formae are distinguished: T. dubium forma heerii (Dorofeev) Kunzmann, Kva?ek, Mai et Walther stat. nov. et emend. and T. dubium forma dubium. Simultaneous intraspecific variations in leaf morphology and leaf epidermal anatomy are missing. Taxodium dubium occurs from the late Eocene to late Miocene in the (Atlantic-) Boreal province sensu Mai of Central Europe and from the late Oligocene to late Pliocene in the Transeuropean Paratethys province sensu Mai. |
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