Betaine distribution in Angiosperms |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, St Michael''s Building, White Swan Road, Portsmouth, Hampshire, PO1 2DT, UK;2. Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Los Andes, Mérida, ZP-510I, Venezuela;1. Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Km. 38.5, Carretera México-Texcoco, Edo. México 5623, Mexico;2. Departamento de Biotecnología, Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ceprobi 8, Col. San Isidro, Yautepec, Morelos, Mexico;1. Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China;2. Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China;1. School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China;2. Henan Province for Drug Evaluation Certification Center, Zhengzhou, China;1. Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom;2. Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Roosvelt Drive, Headington OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom |
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| Abstract: | Over 140 Angiosperm species, included in 45 of the 62 orders listed by Engler, have been investigated for the presence of betaines, which were detected in 86% of the species examined and in 43 of the orders. Moreover, betaines were reported earlier in a further seven of the orders. Thus, it can be concluded that betaines are very widely distributed in Angiosperms. The most commonly detected betaines in the study were glycinebetaine and trigonelline, although others, such as prolinebetaine, trans-4-hydroxyprolinebetaine and pipecolatebetaine were found, although with a very restricted distribution. In the large majority of species tested, betaine levels were low (below 0.1%, dry weight). |
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