基于红外相机技术对甘肃祁连山国家级自然保护区哺乳动物多样性的初步调查

2017年8月至2018年8月，在甘肃祁连山国家级自然保护区内布设3个监测样区60台红外相机，累计14 999个相机日，获得野生动物独立有效照片1 619张，鉴定19种哺乳动物隶属于5目9科，还记录到3种家畜。国家Ⅰ级重点保护动物3种，国家Ⅱ级重点保护动物5种。中国特有种2种。被IUCN红色名录评估为"濒危（EN）"的1种，"近危（NT）"的1种、"易危（VU）"的4种；CITES附录11种。动物地理区系分析表明，古北界种类占53%，广布种占47%。在单台相机工作日达到204 d后拍摄到了本次记录的19种野生动物。相对多度指数（RAI）最高的前4种重要物种依次为马鹿（Cervus yarkandensis）（5.16）、岩羊（Pseudois nayaur）（2.01）、狍（Capreolus pygargus）（0.96）和马麝（Moschus chrysogaster）（0.71）。活动节律分析结果表明：马鹿、岩羊和马麝的日活动节律表现为明显的晨昏双高峰模式，而狍为晨高峰单峰模式；年活动高峰期均在夏季。红外相机调查结果反映了甘肃祁连山保护区哺乳动物现状，提供4种重要物种的行为适应模式，为保护区哺乳动物的有效管理提供数据支持。

Camera-trapping survey of the mammal diversity in the Qilian Mountains National Nature Reserve,Gansu Province

From August 2017 to August 2018, 60 infrared cameras were set up in three monitoring sample areas in Gansu Qilian Mountains National Nature Reserve.A total of 1 619 independent wildlife photographs were collected from 14 999 camera-days.Nineteen species were identified and belonged to 5 orders and 9 families.Three domestic animal species were captured.Among the detected wildlife species, 3 species are listed as Class Ⅰ state key protected wild animals in China and five species as Class Ⅱ.Two species are endemic to China.One specie is assessed as endangered(EN), one specie near threatened(NT) and four species as vulnerable(VU) by the IUCN Red List.The fauna analysis of mammals in the reserve showed that the Palaearctic species occupies 53% and the widespread occupies 47%.These 19 species were captured when any single camera had worked for 204 days.The four highest relative abundance indexes(RAI) species were red deer(Cervus yarkandensis) (5.16), bharal(Pseudois nayaur) (2.01), Siberian roe deer(Capreolus pygargus) (0.96) and Alpine musk deer(Moschus chrysogaster) (0.71).Their activity rhythm showed that the daily activity rhythm of red deer, bharal and Alpine musk deer showed double peak with morning and night peak, while Siberian roe deer only had one morning peak.The highest relative activity intensity was in summer.Our study provides basic status of current mammal species.These findings may contribute to understanding the behavioral adaptation of the four important species, and provide baseline information for the formulation of relevant protection strategies in the reserve.