藓类提取物对植物病原真菌的抑菌性研究

以立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia)、尖孢镰孢菌(Fusarium oxysporum)、苹果轮纹病菌(Macrophoma kawatsukai)、梨黑星病菌(Fusicladium pirina)、草莓灰霉菌(Botrytis cinerea)等七种植物病原真菌为供试菌,通过生长速率法测定了24种藓类的乙醇提取物对病原真菌的抑制作用.结果表明,在提取物浓度为1.2mg干样/mL,大镰刀藓提取物对立枯丝核菌的抑制作用最强,抑菌率为67.8%.藓类提取物不仅对植物病原真菌有抑菌活性,而且还有多种藓类提取物对病原真菌菌丝有促进生长活性,如锐尖匍灯藓对立枯丝核菌菌丝生长的促进率为95.1%.选出大镰刀藓、扁灰藓、紫萼藓、山地水灰藓、疣小金发藓、橙色净口藓、锐尖匍灯藓和羊角藓对立枯丝核菌和灰霉菌的抑菌性或菌丝生长促进性进行了进一步研究,藓类提取物对病原菌的抑菌性或菌丝生长促进性在一定范围内随浓度的增加而增强,并且抑菌性随时间的延长呈下降趋势.

Studies on the Antifungal Activity of Mosses on Plant Pathogen

Ethanol extracts of 24 kinds mosses were tested on seven plants pathogenic fungi in vitro by growth rate method.Results show that the extract of Drepanocladus exannulatus has the strongest inhibitory effect to Rhizoctonia solani.The inhibitory ratio is 67.8% at the density of extracts 1.2 mg/mL.Moreover,the mosses extracts has promoting activity to the plant pathogenic fungi growth.For example,increasement ratio of Plagiomnium acutum to Rhizoctonia solan is 95.1%.Effects of Drepanocladus exannulatus,Hypnum pratense,Grimmia plagiopodia,Hygrohypnum montanum,Pogonatum urnigerum,Gymnostomum aurantiacum,Plagiomnium acutum,and Herpetineuron toccoae on the growing of Rhizoctonia solani or Botrytis cinerea were studied further.The effects of mosses extracts to plant pathogenic fungi become stronger with the increasing of the extracts concentration in define range.The antifungal activity of the extracts decreases gradually with the prolonging of culture time.