Adverse events following infusion of T cells for adoptive immunotherapy: a 10-year experience |
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Authors: | Conrad Russell Cruz Patrick J. Hanley Hao Liu Vicky Torrano Yu-Feng Lin James A. Arce Stephen Gottschalk Barbara Savoldo Gianpietro Dotti Chrystal U. Louis Ann M. Leen Adrian P. Gee Cliona M. Rooney Malcolm K. Brenner Catherine M. Bollard Helen E. Heslop |
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Affiliation: | 1. Department of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan;2. Division of Transfusion, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan;3. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan;1. Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children''s National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA;2. Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children''s National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA;3. Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Children''s National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA;4. The George Washington University Cancer Center, Washington, DC, USA |
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Abstract: | Background aimsThe Food and Drug Administration (FDA) currently recommends at least 4 h of recipient monitoring after T cell infusions to detect early infusion reactions. Recent catastrophic reactions to ‘first-in-man’ biologic agents have emphasized the importance of this rule for initial studies of new products. The value of such monitoring for better established agents is less obvious.MethodsWe reviewed infusion-related adverse events (AE) following administration of ex vivo-expanded T cell products (antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes, allodepleted T cells, and genetically modified T cells) on investigational new drug (IND) studies in our center.ResultsFrom 1998 to 2008, we infused 381 T cell products to 180 recipients, enrolled on 18 studies, receiving T cells targeting malignancies or post-transplant viral infections. There were no grade 3–4 infusion reactions during initial monitoring or 24-h follow-up. Twenty-four mild (grade 1–2) AE occurred in 21 infusions either during or immediately following infusion (up to 6 h), most commonly nausea and vomiting (10/24, 41.6%), probably because of the dimethyl sulfoxide cryoprotectant, and hypotension (20.8%), attributable to diphenhydramine pre-medication. Twenty-two additional non-severe events were reported within 24 h of infusion, most commonly culture-negative fever, chills and nausea. An increased risk of adverse events was associated with age [incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.98; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.96–1.00, P = 0.05], while an increased risk of immediate infusion-related events was higher in patients reporting allergies (IRR 2.72, 95% CI 1.00–7.40, P = 0.05); sex, disease type and T cell source (allogeneic or autologous) had no effect on frequency of adverse events.ConclusionsInfusion of these T cell products was safe in the outpatient setting and associated with no severe reactions, so monitoring for 1 h after infusion is probably sufficient. As many of the AE were attributable to diphenhydramine premedication, a lower dose (0.25 mg/kg) should be selected. |
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