High resolution magnetic images of planar wave fronts reveal bidomain properties of cardiac tissue |
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Authors: | Holzer Jenny R Fong Luis E Sidorov Veniamin Y Wikswo John P Baudenbacher Franz |
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Institution: | Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37325, USA. |
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Abstract: | We magnetically imaged the magnetic action field and optically imaged the transmembrane potentials generated by planar wavefronts on the surface of the left ventricular wall of Langendorff-perfused isolated rabbit hearts. The magnetic action field images were used to produce a time series of two-dimensional action current maps. Overlaying epifluorescent images allowed us to identify a net current along the wavefront and perpendicular to gradients in the transmembrane potential. This is in contrast to a traditional uniform double-layer model where the net current flows along the gradient in the transmembrane potential. Our findings are supported by numerical simulations that treat cardiac tissue as a bidomain with unequal anisotropies in the intra- and extracellular spaces. Our measurements reveal the anisotropic bidomain nature of cardiac tissue during plane wave propagation. These bidomain effects play an important role in the generation of the whole-heart magnetocardiogram and cannot be ignored. |
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