佛坪自然保护区植物群落物种多样性和复杂性的海拔格局研究

通过样地调查,利用多样性和复杂性指数分别研究了佛坪国家自然保护区植物群落物种多样性、复杂性沿海拔的变化规律,并对比分析了复杂性与物种多样性之间的关系.结果表明:(1)随着海拔升高,群落结构总复杂性与物种多样性表现出相似的变化规律,均呈现出“低-高-低”的偏正态分布格局,且海拔1 300～1 500 m是植物群落总复杂性和多样性最大区域;植物群落无序结构复杂性与总复杂性沿海拔变化规律相似,而群落有序结构复杂性却没有随海拔升高呈规律性变化.(2)研究区域植物群落物种多样性不仅与海拔变化有关,还与巴山木竹(Bashania fargesii)、秦岭箭竹(Fargesia qinlingensis)分布密度有着密切关系;在2个竹林交汇区域,物种多样性及物种数量都有着明显升高.(3)群落总复杂性、无序结构复杂性分别与多样性各个指数具有极显著的线性关系,物种多样的变化能够完全表达植物群落总复杂性的变化,但植物群落有序结构复杂性与物种多样性之间无显著相关性.因此,物种多样性不能用作植物群落结构复杂性测度方法.

Study on Elevational Patterns of Plant Species Diversity and Community Complexity in Foping Natural Reserve

To investigated the vascular floristic characteristics of Baishilazi Natural Reserve in China,we conducted plot survey,diversity index,correlation analysis and cluster analysis.Our results showed that:(1)1 056 species of vascular plants (442 genera,114 families) were recorded in Baishilazi.It is abundant of species and notable in dominant family and genus phenomenon.The flora is ancient and has not obvious phenomenon of endemic species.The dominance of temperate elements is obvious and tropical elements are less.(2)Compared with adjacent mountains,floristic Shannon-Wiener index are obvious differences,while simpson index are not.Shannon-Wiener index of Mt.Tai and Mt.Culai are quite high,while the others are not.(3)According to the relativity of flora from different mountains,their correlation is significant at the 0.01 level,and the coefficients are between 0.835 and 0.994.Cluster analysis deduces that boundary of Changbai flora and Huabei flora is located between Baishalazi and Fenghuang Mountain.Vegetation should be protcted in order to make a good habitat environment for sustainable development and region ecological security.