抗菌肽的结构分析、抗菌机制及改造应用的研究进展

细菌感染已成为威胁人类健康的重要公共卫生问题之一，而抗生素的滥用又加快了细菌耐药性的进程。抗菌肽因其广谱抗菌活性、快速杀菌作用、低毒性和不易产生耐药性等特点受到了广泛关注。然而，抗菌肽的天然结构也预示了其应用存在一些限制，如易降解、不稳定、低渗透和高成本等。如何改良抗菌肽仍是需要解决的难题。本文从抗菌肽的来源和结构特征出发，分析了与抗菌相关的空间结构及其所对应的抗菌机制，总结了现有抗菌肽的改良策略，为寻求新型改良方案奠定基础。希望为今后抗菌肽的改造与临床应用提供新的思路和方向。

Research progress in structures, mechanisms, and modification of antimicrobial peptides

Bacterial infection has become one of the major problems threatening public health, and the abuse of antibiotics has accelerated the development of bacterial resistance. Antimicrobial peptides have attracted extensive attention due to their broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, rapid bactericidal effect, low toxicity, and low risk of drug resistance. However, the natural structures of antimicrobial peptides indicate some limitations, such as easy degradation, instability, low permeability, and high costs, in their application. How to improve antimicrobial peptides is still a problem to be solved. From the sources and structural characteristics of antimicrobial peptides, we analyzed the spatial structures related to the antibacterial activity and corresponding antibacterial mechanisms. In addition, we summarize the existing improvement strategies of antimicrobial peptides to lay a foundation for seeking new improvement schemes. This review provides new ideas and directions for the modification and clinical application of antimicrobial peptides in the future.