Effects of oil on the amphipod Gammarus oceanicus |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson 7010, New Zealand;2. Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, P.O. Box 349, Warkworth 0914, New Zealand;1. Departamento de Tecnologias e Ciências Aplicadas, Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Beja, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal;2. CIMA - Centro de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, CIMA, FCT, Edifício 7, Piso 1, Universidade do Algarve, Campus Universitário de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal;3. LEAF - Centro de Investigação em Agronomia, Alimentos, Ambiente e Paisagem, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal |
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| Abstract: | The effects of a number of oils (one crude and two refined products) were tested under various conditions on larvae and adults of the amphipod Gammarus oceanicus. Acute toxicity tests were performed, as well as long-term bioassays. Larvae were found to be several hundred times more sensitive to the oils than the adults during acute exposure. A number of sublethal effects appeared during long-term bioassays. The adults showed impaired swimming performance, decreased tendency to precopulate, impaired light reaction and decreased production of larvae. Decreased growth was found among larvae during chronic exposure to crude oil. Delayed mortality occurred among adults after a short-term exposure to crude oil with a long recovery period. |
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