微生物促进膀胱尿路上皮细胞癌发生和发展分子机制的研究进展

膀胱尿路上皮细胞癌(urothelial carcinoma of bladder, UCB)是泌尿系统常见的恶性肿瘤，是膀胱癌(bladder cancer, BC)最常见的病理类型。UCB具有高发病率、高死亡率和易复发等特点，对人类健康构成巨大威胁。引发UCB的原因可能与吸烟和接触有毒化学物质有关，但是随着研究的不断深入，人们发现膀胱内存在独特的微生物群，它与UCB的发生和发展密切相关。本文着重综述微生物通过尿路感染(urinary tract infection, UTI)、影响上皮-间充质转化(epithelial-mesenchymal transition, EMT)以及上调细胞程序性死亡-配体1 (programmed cell death 1 ligand 1, PD-L1)的表达来参与UCB的发生和发展，同时也对健康人群与UCB患者微生物群特征以及UCB的预防和治疗等方面作了相应阐述。通过综述微生物与UCB之间的关系，为进一步明确微生物对UCB的促进作用以及研发治疗UCB的药物提供新思路。

Progress in the mechanism of microbiota promoting the development and progression of urothelial carcinoma of bladder

Urothelial carcinoma of bladder (UCB) is a common malignant tumor of the urinary system and a common pathological type of bladder cancer (BC). With high morbidity, high mortality, and easy recurrence, UCB poses a serious threat to human health. The occurrence of UCB may be associated with smoking and exposure to toxic chemicals. With the deepening of research, researchers have discovered unique microbiota related to the occurrence and development of UCB in the bladder. This review focuses on the involvement of microbiota in the occurrence and development of UCB through urinary tract infection (UTI), affecting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and up-regulating the expression of programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1). At the same time, this paper introduces the microbiota characteristics of healthy people and UCB patients as well as the prevention and treatment of UCB. By reviewing the relationship between microbiota and UCB, this paper provides new ideas for further clarifying the promoting effect of microbiota on UCB and developing drugs for treating UCB.