刚刺颚口线虫病流行病学生物学和药物治疗研究

本文报告刚刺颚口线虫(Gnathostoma hispidum)病流行学生物学和药物治疗。实验证明第一中间宿主计有10种,其中短角异剑水蚤和台湾温剑水蚤是新宿主记录。首次报告自然感染本虫第三期幼虫的第二中间宿主和转续宿主共18种。发现洪泽湖地区是我国刚刺颚口线虫高度流行区,当地猪的感染率达34.9％。实验证实病原有棘颚口线虫和刚刺颚口线虫(G.spinigerum,G.hispidum)2种,对刚刺颚口线虫成虫和第三期幼虫作详细研究。药物治疗结果表明丙硫苯咪唑和磷酸左咪唑剂量10—15mg/kg,一次口服驱虫效果甚佳,丙硫苯咪唑剂量25mg/kg,一次口服兼能杀灭移行于肝组织内的幼虫。文中讨论了本病的传播途径和防治对策。

ON THE EPIDEMIOLOGY AND BIOLOGY OF GNATHOSTOMA HISP-IDUM,WITH A NOTE ON THE PHARMACEUTIC TREATMENT OF GNATHOSTOMIASIS

This paper deals with the epidemiology, biology and pharmaceutic treatment of Gnatho-stoma hisfidum from Hongze-Lake District, Jiangsu Our results indicated that Hongze-Lake District was a highly endemic area where the incidence rate of G. hispidum was 34.9% in domestic pigs. Ten species of fresh-water cyclops were experimentally proved as the first intermediate hosts, among them 2 species of cyclops, namely Apocyclops royi and Thermocyclo(?)s taihokuensis appeared to be the new host records in the world. There were 939 fresh-water fishes belonging to 13 families, 30 genera and 33 species examined, and 14 of them were found to be naturally infected with the 3rd-stage larva of G. hispidum. In addition, 5 species of vertebrates such as Rana limnocharis, R. nigromaculata, Callus gallus domesticus, Elaphe rufoao-rsata and Rattus norvegicus served as the natural paratenic hosts. The specific characteristics of adult G. hisfidum and its 3rd-stage larva were carefully studied.Albendazole and levamisole phosphate were the drugs of choice for the treatment of Gna-thostomiasis. Both drugs proved effective in about 96.8% and 90.9% of adult respectively when given in a single dose of 15mg/kg body weight. Using albcndazole in a single dosc of 25mg/ kg body weight, about 96.7% of the juveniles could be killed in the liver. The problems of transmission, prevention and control were briefly discussed at the end of the paper.