The Evolutionary Dynamics of Bluetongue Virus |
| |
Authors: | Giovanna Carpi Edward C Holmes Andrew Kitchen |
| |
Institution: | (1) IASMA Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Environment and Natural Resources Area, S. Michele all’Adige, Trento, Italy;(2) Department of Biology, Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, The Pennsylvania State University, 609 Mueller Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802, USA;(3) Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; |
| |
Abstract: | Bluetongue virus (BTV) is a midge-borne member of the genus Orbivirus that causes an eponymous debilitating livestock disease of great agricultural impact and which has expanded into Europe in
recent decades. Reassortment among the ten segments comprising the double-stranded (ds) RNA genome of BTV has played an important
role in generating the epidemic strains of this virus in Europe. In this study, we investigated the dynamics of BTV genome
segment evolution utilizing time-structured data sets of complete sequences from four segments, totalling 290 sequences largely
sampled from ruminant hosts. Our analysis revealed that BTV genome segments generally evolve under strong purifying selection
and at substitution rates that are generally lower (mean rates of ~0.5–7 × 10−4 nucleotide substitutions per site, per year) than vector-borne positive-sense viruses with single-strand (ss) RNA genomes.
These also represent the most robust estimates of the nucleotide substitution rate in a dsRNA virus generated to date. Additionally,
we determined that patterns of geographic structure and times to most recent common ancestor differ substantially between
each segment, including a relatively recent origin for the diversity of segment 10 within the past millennium. Together, these
findings demonstrate the effect of reassortment to decouple the evolutionary dynamics of BTV genome segments. |
| |
Keywords: | |
本文献已被 SpringerLink 等数据库收录! |
|