中国茶藨子属的研究

通过对国产茶藨子属的形态、分类和地理分布的研究，笔者支持把该属置于虎耳草科的观点，不赞成把它分离作为独立的科。另外，认为Rehder系统中所划分的4个亚属较合理，故予以采纳，但笔者对其中的亚属、组和系的划分、各分类类目的内容、系统排列的顺序等诸方面都作了较大修订。从系统发育的观点出发，对亚属的排列次序则和Rehder系统有很大不同，而对组和系的范围及其系统位置也作了较大改动。中国茶藨子属植物初步确定为59种30变种，隶属于4亚属10组15系(包括5新系)。依据对茶藨子属分布区的分析，首次提出了东亚区是茶藨子属植物的现代分布中心，在东亚区中，中国-喜马拉雅森林植物亚区中的横断山脉地区和中国-日本森林植物亚区的西部是茶藨子属发生和发展的关键地区。

A STUDY ON THE GENUS RIBES L.IN CHINA

The present paper deals with the morphology, classification, systematic arrangement and geographical distribution of the genus Ribes L. from China. Many botanists made some investigations on the systematic position of this genus, but their views have been controversial for a long time. It was recognized as a genus of Saxifragaceae by some tax-onomists, while others treated it as an independent family, i. e. Grossulariaceae or Ribesi-aceae, based on external morphological and pollen characteristics. The present paper supports the treatmemt of the genus Ribes L. as a member of the Saxifragaceae. Through detailed analysis of the characters of main organs, the evolutionary trends are suggested : the flower has evolved from large and bisexual to small and unisexual; the calyx from tubular or cylin-dric to campanulate, cupuliform, pelviform to discoidal, even to rotate; the inforescence ffrom a raceme to a corymb or a umbell, then reduced to several flowers or a single flower; the bract from small to large and its shape from ovate, nearly rounded to elliptic, oblong, lanceolate or linear. Based on the data from other authors, the evolutionary tendencies of the pollen morphology are as follows; the aperture type from zonocolporate to pantoporate; the shape of ectoaperture from colpate to porous and the number of endoapertures per ectoaperture reduced from 2 to 1. The analysis of morphological and pollen characteristics shows that the subdivision of Ribes into 4 subgenera in Rehder' s system is reasonable and is accepted by the present author, with some important revisions in the subdivisions of subgenera and sections, and systematic arrangements. In addition, the systematic arrangement of the subgenera and sections presented here in this, paper is rather different from that in Rehder' s system from the phylogenetic point of view. Fifty-nine species and 30 varieties are recognized from China, belonging to four subgenera, 10 sections and 15 series. Five series are described as new. Ribes L. is basically a genus of North Temperate area of the four subgenera, 14 sections and more than 160 species in the world, four subgenera, 10 sections and more than 80 species are recorded in Asia. Among them, four subgenera, 10 sections and 44 species, including primitive, intermediate and advanced taxa of phylogenetic importance are concentrated in Eastern Asiatic region. It is clearly shown that the Eastern Asiatic region is not only the frequency center, but also the diversity center of the genus Ribes L. at the present time. In this floristic region the greatest number of species and endemics exist in China, i. e. in Sichuan Province and the adjacent regions, including W. Sichuan, NW. Yunnan, SE. Gansu, S. Shaanxi, W. Hubei and W. Hunan, Guizhou, E. Xizang and E. Qinghai, where the genus also reaches its highest morphological diversity. According to the above fact, we tend to infer that the Hengduan Mountain region in the Sino-Himalayan Forest Subkingdom and the west part of the Sino-Japan Forest Subkingdom is the most important region for the occurence and differentiation of the genus Ribes L.