Decolorization of water and oil-soluble azo dyes by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lactobacillus acidophilus</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lactobacillus fermentum</Emphasis> |
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Authors: | Huizhong Chen Haiyan Xu Thomas M Heinze Carl E Cerniglia |
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Institution: | (1) Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Rd., Jefferson, AR 72079-9502, USA;(2) Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Rd., Jefferson, AR 72079-9502, USA |
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Abstract: | The capability of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus fermentum to degrade azo dyes was investigated. The bacteria were incubated under anaerobic conditions in the presence of 6 μg/ml Methyl
Red, Ponceau BS, Orange G, Amaranth, Orange II, and Direct Blue 15; 5 μg/ml Sudan I and II; or 1.5 μg/ml Sudan III and IV
in deMann–Rogosa–Sharpe broth at 37°C for 36 h, and reduction of the dyes was monitored. Both bacteria were capable of degrading
all of the water-soluble azo dyes to some extent. They were also able to completely reduce the oil-soluble diazo dyes Sudan
III and IV but were unable to reduce the oil-soluble monoazo dyes Sudan I and II to any significant degree in the concentrations
studied. Growth of the bacteria was not significantly affected by the presence of the Sudan azo dyes. Metabolites of the bacterial
degradation of Sudan III and IV were isolated and identified by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass
spectrometry analyses and compared with authentic standards. Aniline and o-toluidine (2-methylaniline), both potentially carcinogenic aromatic amines, were metabolites of Sudan III and IV, respectively. |
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