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Genome‐wide association of drought‐related and biomass traits with HapMap SNPs in Medicago truncatula
Authors:Yun Kang  Muhammet Sakiroglu  Nicholas Krom  John Stanton‐Geddes  Mingyi Wang  Yi‐Ching Lee  Nevin D. Young  Michael Udvardi
Affiliation:1. Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK, USA;2. Bioengineering Department, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey;3. Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA;4. Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
Abstract:Improving drought tolerance of crop plants is a major goal of plant breeders. In this study, we characterized biomass and drought‐related traits of 220 Medicago truncatula HapMap accessions. Characterized traits included shoot biomass, maximum leaf size, specific leaf weight, stomatal density, trichome density and shoot carbon‐13 isotope discrimination (δ13C) of well‐watered M. truncatula plants, and leaf performance in vitro under dehydration stress. Genome‐wide association analyses were carried out using the general linear model (GLM), the standard mixed linear model (MLM) and compressed MLM (CMLM) in TASSEL, which revealed significant overestimation of P‐values by CMLM. For each trait, candidate genes and chromosome regions containing SNP markers were found that are in significant association with the trait. For plant biomass, a 0.5 Mbp region on chromosome 2 harbouring a plasma membrane intrinsic protein, PIP2, was discovered that could potentially be targeted to increase dry matter yield. A protein disulfide isomerase‐like protein was found to be tightly associated with both shoot biomass and leaf size. A glutamate‐cysteine ligase and an aldehyde dehydrogenase family protein with Arabidopsis homologs strongly expressed in the guard cells were two of the top genes identified by stomata density genome‐wide association studies analysis.
Keywords:Medicago truncatula  biomass  compressed mixed linear model  drought  GWAS  single nucleotide polymorphisms
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