Predicting the influence of hip and lumbar flexibility on lifting motions using optimal control |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic & Biomedical Engineering, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia;2. Optimization, Robotics & Biomechanics, Institute of Computer Engineering, Heidelberg University, Germany;3. Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;1. Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada;2. School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, 75 Laurier Avenue East, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada;1. Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, 2000 Simcoe St. North, Oshawa, ON L1H 7K4, Canada;2. Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, Niagara Region, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada;3. Department of Graduate Studies, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, 6100 Leslie St, North York, ON M2H 3J1, Canada;1. Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands;2. Research Group Lifestyle and Health, Utrecht University of Applied Sciences, Utrecht, the Netherlands;3. Department of Sport Biomechanics, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran;1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran;2. Division of Applied Mechanics, Department of Mechanical Engineering, École Polytechnique, Montréal, Québec, Canada;1. Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;2. Department of Industrial Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA |
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| Abstract: | Computational models of the human body coupled with optimization can be used to predict the influence of variables that cannot be experimentally manipulated. Here, we present a study that predicts the motion of the human body while lifting a box, as a function of flexibility of the hip and lumbar joints in the sagittal plane. We modeled the human body in the sagittal plane with joints actuated by pairs of agonist-antagonist muscle torque generators, and a passive hamstring muscle. The characteristics of a stiff, average and flexible person were represented by co-varying the lumbar range-of-motion, lumbar passive extensor-torque and the hamstring passive muscle-force. We used optimal control to solve for motions that simulated lifting a 10 kg box from a 0.3 m height. The solution minimized the total sum of the normalized squared active and passive muscle torques and the normalized passive hamstring muscle forces, over the duration of the motion. The predicted motion of the average lifter agreed well with experimental data in the literature. The change in model flexibility affected the predicted joint angles, with the stiffer models flexing more at the hip and knee, and less at the lumbar joint, to complete the lift. Stiffer models produced similar passive lumbar torque and higher hamstring muscle force components than the more flexible models. The variation between the motion characteristics of the models suggest that flexibility may play an important role in determining lifting technique. |
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| Keywords: | Motion prediction Optimal control Joint flexibility Box lifting Human models |
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