Acute changes in foot strike pattern and cadence affect running parameters associated with tibial stress fractures |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, United States;2. Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, United States;3. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, United States;1. Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N IN4, Canada;2. Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N IN4, Canada;3. Running Injury Clinic, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W, Calgary, Alberta T2N IN4, Canada;1. Sports Medicine Research Laboratory, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 76, rue d’Eich, L-1460 Luxembourg, Luxembourg;2. NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands;3. Sports Clinic, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, 78, rue d’Eich, L-1460 Luxembourg, Luxembourg;4. ATO-gear, 20, Torenallee, 5617 BC, Eindhoven, The Netherlands;1. Departments of Mechanical Engineering, USA;2. Bioengineering, Stanford University, USA;1. Exercise Physiology, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Australia;2. Department of Emergency Medicine, St Vincent’s Hospital, Australia;3. Education and Learning, St Vincent’s Hospital, Australia;4. Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia;5. Sportsmed Biologic, Australia;6. Eastern Health, Australia;1. University of Lyon, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France;2. Laboratory of Exercise Physiology (EA4338), F-42000 Saint-Etienne, France;3. Salomon SAS, Amer Sports Footwear Laboratory of Biomechanics and Exercise Physiology, F-74996 Annecy, France;4. University of Savoie, F-73376 Le Bourget-du-Lac, France;5. Laboratory of Exercise Physiology (EA4338), F-73376 Le Bourget-du-Lac, France;6. Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada;1. Department of Physical Therapy, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA;2. Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA |
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| Abstract: | Tibial stress fractures are a common and debilitating injury that occur in distance runners. Runners may be able to decrease tibial stress fracture risk by adopting a running pattern that reduces biomechanical parameters associated with a history of tibial stress fracture. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that converting to a forefoot striking pattern or increasing cadence without focusing on changing foot strike type would reduce injury risk parameters in recreational runners. Running kinematics, ground reaction forces and tibial accelerations were recorded from seventeen healthy, habitual rearfoot striking runners while running in their natural running pattern and after two acute retraining conditions: (1) converting to forefoot striking without focusing on cadence and (2) increasing cadence without focusing on foot strike. We found that converting to forefoot striking decreased two risk factors for tibial stress fracture: average and peak loading rates. Increasing cadence decreased one risk factor: peak hip adduction angle. Our results demonstrate that acute adaptation to forefoot striking reduces different injury risk parameters than acute adaptation to increased cadence and suggest that both modifications may reduce the risk of tibial stress fractures. |
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| Keywords: | Rearfoot strike Forefoot strike Step frequency |
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