Effects of age and sex on shoulder biomechanics and relative effort during functional tasks |
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| Institution: | 1. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Human Movement Sciences, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands;2. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands;3. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands;1. Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;2. Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;3. Department of Statistical Science, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275, USA;4. Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;1. Department of Physiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;2. Department of Bioengineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA;3. Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;4. Department of Computer Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;5. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA;6. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University and Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA |
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| Abstract: | Age-related decline in muscle strength can compromise shoulder function, which could increase the effort needed to perform activities of daily living (ADLs). The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to determine for the first time the relative shoulder effort during ADLs in healthy young and older adults.Ten healthy young adults and ten healthy older adults were tested for maximal isokinetic torque and on a set of ADL tasks. Using inverse dynamics, the shoulder torques during ADLs were referenced to the maximal isokinetic torque and relative effort was determined.Older compared to younger adults had >40% lower isokinetic shoulder abduction strength. The ratio of peak joint torque during six ADLs over the maximal isokinetic torque, i.e., relative effort, was higher in old (∼52%) compared with young adults (∼22%, p < 0.05). Relative effort in older adults was over 40% in overhead activities and particularly high in abduction and reaching tasks, over 60%.Healthy older compared with younger adults perform most ADL tasks involving the shoulder joint with nearly twice the level of relative effort. The concomitant reductions in maximal shoulder isokinetic torque and increases in relative effort may be related to the high prevalence of musculoskeletal pain and shoulder dysfunction in old age reported in epidemiological studies. |
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| Keywords: | Ageing ADL Inverse dynamics Relative effort Upper extremity torque |
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