超声波及脱蛋白处理对猴头菌子实体多糖提取效果的影响

本研究以猴头菌子实体为供试材料,在采用水提醇沉法进行多糖提取的过程中,系统研究了超声波和脱蛋白处理两个关键工艺环节对多糖提取效果的影响。研究结果表明：采用超声波辅助处理可提高猴头菌多糖提取率,降低多糖的纯度,使部分由蒸馏水洗脱获得的HEFP-α组分与全部0.1mol/L NaCl洗脱获得的HEFP-β组分经Sephacryl-S400洗脱后的曲线的小峰面积增加,也使主峰处的吸光值出现偏移。3种脱蛋白方法中,复合法对蛋白的除去效率最高,但多糖的保留率最低;亚铁氰化钾-乙酸锌法操作简便且蛋白除去率与多糖保留率均较高,但会使HEFP-β-2组分的含量和回收率降低;Sevage法蛋白脱除效率最低,多糖组分的保留率相对较高,且柱洗脱后发现经Sephacryl-S400凝胶柱分离后获得的主峰整体峰值较高,该方法较为适合多糖活性组分未知时的蛋白脱除。这一研究结果将会为该类大型真菌子实体的大分子生物活性物质的提取以及相关产品的开发提供重要的参考依据。

Effects of ultrasound and deproteinization treatments on the extraction of polysaccharides from fruit-bodies of Hericium erinaceus

The effects of two key factors, ultrasound and deproteinization, on the quality of extracting polysaccharides (HEFPs) from Hericium erinaceus fruit-body were investigated using water extraction and alcohol precipitation method. The extracted samples were sequentially eluted by DEAE-52 ion exchange column and Sephacryl-S400 gel column. The result was that the extraction rate of HEFPs could be improved by ultrasound-assisted treatment, showing significant effect on the purity of HEFPs and increasing small peak areas of elution curves of partial HEFP-α component distilled by water and total HEFP-β component by 0.1mol/L NaCl, and presenting a shift in absorbance at the main peak eluted by Sephacryl-S400 gel column. Among three deproteinization methods, the method of combining ferrocyanide-zinc acetate with Sevage achieved the highest rate of protein removal, however, the polysaccharide retention rate was the lowest. The potassium ferrocyanide-zinc acetate method was simple and effective in protein removal and polysaccharide retention, but it could reduce the content and recovery rate of partial polysaccharide HEFP-β-2 component. The Sevage method had the lowest deproteinization efficiency and comparatively higher retention rate of HEFPs, showing highest main peak under elution of Sephacryl-S400 gel column, and it was suitable for protein removal when the bioactive components of polysaccharides were unknown. The data provide reference for extraction of macromolecular bioactive substances and further studies in exploring the related products of fruiting bodies of macrofungi.