Long and short isoforms of Neurospora clock protein FRQ support temperature-compensated circadian rhythms

The large (l) and small (s) isoforms of FREQUENCY (FRQ) are elements of interconnected feedback loops of the Neurospora circadian clock. The expression ratio of l-FRQ vs. s-FRQ is regulated by thermosensitive splicing of an intron containing the initiation codon for l-FRQ. We show that this splicing is dependent on light and temperature and displays a circadian rhythm. Strains expressing only l-FRQ or s-FRQ support short and long temperature-compensated circadian rhythms, respectively. The thermosensitive expression ratio of FRQ isoforms influences period length in wt. Our data indicate that differential expression of FRQ isoforms is not required for temperature compensation but rather provides a means to fine-tune period length in response to ambient temperature.