不同强度与持续时间UV-B辐射对麦长管蚜生长发育和繁殖的影响

【目的】探明高强度和低强度紫外辐射不同持续时间处理对麦长管蚜Sitobion avenae (Fabricius)生长发育和繁殖的影响, 以及强度与持续时间之间的交互作用。【方法】不同强度(0.20 mW/cm²， 0.75 mW/cm²)、不同持续时间(3 h, 9 h和15 h)的UV-B处理后, 采用编制特定年龄生命表和测量麦长管蚜体重方法, 统计相对日均体重增长率(mean relative growth rate, MRGR)、生命表种群参数、繁殖参数以及存活率和繁殖率的变化。【结果】生命表数据表明, 在同一辐射持续时间下, 麦长管蚜种群内禀增长率r_m、净增殖率R₀、繁殖力F随紫外强度增加而显著(P<0.05)下降, 短时间内死亡率升高, 繁殖率降低; 在同一紫外强度下, 麦长管蚜的r_m, R₀和F也随处理时间延长而显著降低, 存活率下降最快时期提前, 繁殖率降低; 紫外强度和持续时间两因素的影响具有极显著(P<0.01)的交互作用, 但在短时间(3 h)、低强度(0.20 mW/cm²)的处理中, 麦蚜的r_m, R₀和F却高于无紫外辐射组（对照）。MRGR数据表明, 高强度(0.75 mW/cm²)、长时间(15 h)紫外辐射处理下麦长管蚜MRGR显著降低, 但低强度、相对短时间(3 h和9 h)紫外辐射处理下的MRGR间均无显著性差异。随辐射强度和持续时间增加, 发育为成蚜时有翅蚜所占比例增大。【结论】麦长管蚜的生长发育和繁殖受到紫外UV-B胁迫的影响, 且随着紫外强度和持续时间的不同而产生相应变化, 强度和持续时间影响具有交互效应。

Effects of UV-B radiation intensity and duration on the growth,development and fecundity of Sitobion avenae (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

【Aim】 This study aims to explore the effects of different radiation intensity and radiation duration of UV-B on the growth, development and fecundity of Sitobion avenae (Fabricius), and the interactions between radiation intensity and radiation duration. 【Methods】 Following different UV-B treatments (0.20 mW/cm² and 0.75 mW/cm² UV-B intensity, 3 h, 9 h and 15 h radiation duration, respectively) on S. avenae, the age-specific life table of S. avenae was established, the body weight was measured, and the mean relative growth rate, life table population parameters, fecundity parameters, age-specific survival rate and age-specific fecundity were calculated. 【Results】 The results revealed that in the same radiation duration, the intrinsic rate of increase (r_m), the net rate of increase (R₀) and fecundity (F) of S. avenae exposed to the high intensity UV-B (0.75 mW/cm²) were significantly lower than those exposed to the low intensity UV B (0.20 mW/cm²) and the control (UV-B absent), with the mortality increasing faster in a short period. Under the same intensity UV-B, the r_m, R₀ and F values of S. avenae also decreased significantly with the radiation durations, and the period of the fastest decline of the survival rate shifted to an earlier date. The UV-B intensity and the radiation duration had significant interactions. However, under low intensity UV-B for 3 h, the r_m, R₀ and F values of S. avenae were higher than those in the control. The MRGR of S. avenae exposed to high intensity UV-B for 15 h decreased significantly compared with the control, but were not significantly different among other treatments. The number of alataes increased when S. avenae was exposed to high intensity UV-B (0.75 mW/cm²) for long radiation duration (15 h) as compared with that in the control. 【Conclusion】 The growth and development of S. avenae are affected by the UV-B radiation and change with the intensity and duration of UV-B radiation, and these two factors (radiation intensity and duration) also have significant interactions.