萤火虫的研究、保护及开发利用进展

萤火虫是萤科和凹眼萤科昆虫的统称，既是科学研究的良好材料，也具有巨大的产业潜力。本文从分类学(包括分类现状和分子系统学研究进展)、生物学(包括生活史、分布、天敌、视蛋白、人工光照的影响、生物指示作用、体内共生菌等)、行为学(包括发光、求偶、交配、取食、防御、报警、拟态、叠背、成虫后多次蜕皮等)等方面全面梳理了国内外萤火虫基础研究的进展，分析了萤火虫的消亡原因(环境污染、旅游影响、科普欠缺、生物入侵及其它等)、保护情况并提出了保护萤火虫的若干措施建议，系统地阐述了当前国内外萤火虫开发利用的现状，最后从萤火虫的科学研究、资源保护、人工养殖、产业发展等方面提出了建议，以期推动萤火虫的研究和资源开发工作。

Progress in the research, protection, development and utilization of fireflies

Lampyridae and Rhagophthalmidae are collectively called firefly, which is not only a good material for scientific research, but also has great industrial potential.This paper comprehensively summarized the basic research progress of fireflies at home and abroad about their taxonomy including the classification status and the research progress in molecular systematics, biology including life history, distribution, natural enemies, opsin, the effects of artificial light, biological indication, in vivo symbiensal bacteria, etc., and behavior including luminescence, courtship, mating, feeding, defense, alarm, mimicry, back overlaying, multiple molting after adult, etc. The causes of the demise including environmental pollution, tourism, insufficient science popularization, biological invasion and others, and protection situation of fireflies were analyzed, and several measures to protect fireflies were also proposed. The paper also systematically expounded the current development and utilization of firefly industry at home and abroad for the first time, and finally put forward the suggestions on the scientific research,resource protection, artificial breeding, and industrial development of fireflies, in order to promote the research and industry development of fireflies.