作物分子标记辅助选择的研究进展、影响因素及其发展策略

随着分子标记技术及其检测手段的发展,开发和应用成本的降低,分子标记辅助选择(MAS)在作物育种上的应用优势日益明显。本文综述了近年来MAS在基因聚合、基因转移和数量性状改良上的研究进展。总结了MAS的影响因素,包括标记与基因间的距离、目标性状的遗传率、群体大小、所用分子标记的数目、类型和相位等。并提出育种和定位同步进行、选择合适分子标记类型和数量、简化DNA提取方法、背景选择的逐步选择法、确定合适选择方案等MAS发展策略。

Advances, Influence Factors and Development Strategies in Crop Molecular-assisted Selection

With the development of molecular marker technologies and detection techniques and the decrease in the exploitation and application cost, molecular-assisted selection (MAS) shows superior applications in crop breeding. This paper reviews the advances in gene pyramiding, gene transfer and quantity trait improvements with MAS and summarizes the influence factors, such as the distance between the gene of interest and markers, trait heredity, individual number of breeding population, and marker number, type and phase. As a result, we propose that strategies for crop breeding with MAS include mapping and breeding at the same time, determining molecular marker type and number, simplifying the DNA extraction methods, and stepwise selection of background selection with a suitable scheme.