大别山南坡森林植物群落物种多样性及其与海拔因子的关系

大别山地区植物资源丰富,区系组成复杂且起源古老,为连接华东、华北和华中三大植物区系的纽带,也是我国重要的生物多样性保护和水源涵养生态功能区。采用样方法,在大别山南坡的多枝尖、庵基坪和麒麟沟3个地区,沿着不同海拔高度选取了具有代表性的森林植物群落进行研究,从不同植物群落类型和层次的物种多样性、均匀度和丰富度及其与海拔因子的关系等方面,对大别山南坡的森林植物群落物种多样性进行综合分析。结果表明:1. 共记录有植物108科270属449种,划分为20个森林植物群落类型;2. 森林植物群落各层次物种丰富度表现为草本>乔木>灌木;Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Simpson多样性指数呈现出乔木>灌木>草本;Pielou均匀度指数变化较为复杂;3. 森林植物群落各层次的物种丰富度随海拔升高而下降;Shannon-Wiener指数和Simpson指数也表现为随着海拔升高而下降,但草本层在1400m之后有上升的趋势。Pielou指数在乔木层中表现为随着海拔的升高而下降,在草本层中表现为先下降后出现上升,在灌木层中则随着海拔的升高而上升,但其波动更为剧烈。本研究对大别山南坡森林植被大范围的采样观测研究,能够全面的展现大别山南坡森林植物的种类分布、空间组成等整体概况及其与海拔因子的关系,能为以后大别山南坡生物多样性的保护提供较为全面真实的数据,从而为大别山地区生物多样性的保护和可持续利用提供理论依据和实践意义。

Species diversity of forest plant communities on the southern slope of the Dabie Mountains and its relationship with altitude factors

The Dabie Mountains region is rich in plant resources, with complex floristic composition and ancient origin. It is a link connecting the three major flora in East, North, and Central China, and is also an important ecologically functional area for biodiversity protection and water conservation in China. In this study, the representative forest plant communities were selected along different altitudes in Duozhijian, Anjiping and Qilingou areas on the south slope of Dabie Mountains. The biodiversity of forest plant communities on the south slope of Dabie Mountains was comprehensively analyzed from the aspects of species diversity, evenness and richness of different plant community types and levels and their relationship with altitude factors. The results showed that: 1) The southern Dabie Mountains were divided into 20 forest plant community types, with a total of 449 species of plants belonging to 108 families and 270 genera. 2) The species richness index of each level of forest plant community was herb>tree>shrub; The Shannon Wiener index and Simpson index showed trees>shrubs>herbs; The changes in the Pielou index were complex. 3) The species richness of each level of forest plant community decreased with the increase of altitude; The Shannon Wiener index and Simpson index also showed a downward trend with the increasing altitude, but the herb layer showed an upward trend after 1400 m. In the tree layer, the Pielou index decreased with the elevation; in the herb layer, it decreased first and then rose; and in the shrub layer, it increased with the elevation, but its fluctuation was more intense. The large-scale sampling and observation of forest vegetation on the south slope of Dabie Mountains can comprehensively show the overall situation of species distribution, the spatial composition of forest plants, and their relationship with altitude factors. It can provide more comprehensive and real data for the protection of biodiversity on the south slope of Dabie Mountains in the future, so as to provide theoretical basis and practical significance for the protection and sustainable utilization of biodiversity in Dabie Mountains.