Central Nervous System Lesions That Can and Those That Cannot Be Repaired with the Help of Olfactory Bulb Ensheathing Cell Transplants |
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Authors: | Manuel Nieto-Sampedro |
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Institution: | (1) Departamento de Plasticidad Neural, Instituto Cajal, CSIC, 28002 Madrid, Spain;(2) Unidad de Neurología Experimental, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, 45071 Toledo, Spain |
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Abstract: | Growth-promoting macroglia (aldynoglia) with growth properties and immunological markers similar to Schwann cells, are found in loci of the mammalian CNS where axon regeneration occurs throughout life, like the olfactory sytem, hypothalamus-hypophysis and the pineal gland 79]. Contrary to Schwann cells, aldynoglia mingle freely with astrocytes and can migrate in brain and spinal cord. Transplantation of cultured and immunopurified olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) in the spinal cord after multiple central rhizotomy, promoted sensory and central axon growth and partial functional restoration, judging by anatomical, electrophysiological and behavioural criteria. OEC transplants suppressed astrocyte reactivity, thus generally favouring axon growth after a lesion. However, the functional repair promoted by OEC transplants was partial in the best cases, depending on lesion type and location. Cyst formation after photochemical cord lesion was partially prevented but neither the corticospinal tract, interrupted by a mild contusion, nor the sectioned medial longitudinal fascicle, did regrow after OEC transplantation in the injured area. |
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Keywords: | CNS lesion regeneration repair glial scar reactive astrocytes sprouting inhibitors ensheathing cells |
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