4周低氧训练对男子足球运动员有氧耐力与T淋巴细胞亚群的影响

目的：探讨4周低氧训练对男子足球运动员有氧耐力相关指标与免疫系统中T淋巴细胞亚群的影响。方法：选取某体育学院及其附属竞技学校20名男子足球运动员为受试者，平均分为训练组、低氧组、低氧训练组以及对照组。训练组进行每日60 min，每周5次，持续4周的功率自行车训练，运动强度为65%~75%最大摄氧量；低氧组进行持续4周每日60 min，每周5次处于低氧环境（氧浓度为14.7%），不进行功率自行车训练；低氧训练组在低氧环境（氧浓度为14.7%）下进行与训练组相同条件的训练；对照组不做任何影响。结果：经4周训练后，低氧训练组红细胞计数、血红蛋白含量较对照组、训练组以及低氧组均存在显著性差异（P < 0.05）；低氧训练组VO₂max水平和3 000 m跑成绩较对照组、训练组以及低氧组均存在显著性差异（P < 0.05）；低氧训练组T淋巴细胞CD3⁺水平较对照组、低氧组均存在显著性差异（P < 0.05）。结论：相比于其他方式，每日60 min，每周5日，持续4周的65%~75%最大摄氧量强度低氧训练更有利于提高男子足球运动员的有氧耐力水平，并且可能有利于运动员机体免疫功能的提高。

Effects of 4 week hypoxic training on endurance capacity and T lymphocyteofmale football players

Objective: To investigate the effects of 4-week hypoxia training on index related to endurance capacity and lymphocyte sub-jects of male football players. Methods: Football players from a sport university were evenly divided into 4 groups:training group, hypoxic group, hypoxia training group and control group. The control group completed a 4-week cycling training with the intensity of 65%~75% VO₂max, while the hypoxia training group did the same training in hypoxia environment (14.7% oxygen concentration);Low oxygen groups for 4 weeks daily 60 min, 5 times a week in a low oxygen (14.7% oxygen concentration) environment, did not cycle training;the control group without any intervention. Results: In hypoxia training group, the red blood cell count and hemoglobin were significantly higher than those of the control group, training group and hypoxia group(P < 0.05);there was significant difference in VO₂max and the performance of 3 000 m running between hypoxia training group and other groups(P < 0.05); the number of CD3⁺ level in hypoxia training group was significantly higher than that of the control group and hypoxia group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Compared to other methods environment, a hypoxia training program of 60 min/d, 5 d/w, 4 weeks in total contributed to improve the endurance capacity of male football players, and it's also probably beneficial for improvement of immunity.