Glycaemia dynamics in gestational diabetes mellitus |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile;2. Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile;3. Biomedical Engineering School, Engineering Faculty, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2362905, Chile;4. Millennium Institute for Intelligent Healthcare Engineering (iHEALTH), Chile;5. Metabolic Diseases Research Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Centre of Territorial Health Research (CIISTe), Biomedical Research Center (CIB), San Felipe Campus, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, San Felipe 2172972, Chile;6. Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 02800, Chile;7. Medical School (Faculty of Medicine), Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Brazil;8. Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, DC, Colombia;9. Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), 9713GZ Groningen, the Netherlands;10. Nestlé Institute for Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Societé des Produits de Nestlé, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland;11. Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville E-41012, Spain;12. University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, 4029, Queensland, Australia;13. Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), 9713GZ Groningen, the Netherlands;14. Tecnologico de Monterrey, Eutra, The Institute for Obesity Research (IOR), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monterrey, Nuevo León. Mexico |
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| Abstract: | Pregnant women may develop gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), a disease of pregnancy characterised by maternal and fetal hyperglycaemia with hazardous consequences to the mother, the fetus, and the newborn. Maternal hyperglycaemia in GDM results in fetoplacental endothelial dysfunction. GDM-harmful effects result from chronic and short periods of hyperglycaemia. Thus, it is determinant to keep glycaemia within physiological ranges avoiding short but repetitive periods of hyper or hypoglycaemia. The variation of glycaemia over time is defined as ‘glycaemia dynamics’. The latter concept regards with a variety of mechanisms and environmental conditions leading to blood glucose handling. In this review we summarized the different metrics for glycaemia dynamics derived from quantitative, plane distribution, amplitude, score values, variability estimation, and time series analysis. The potential application of the derived metrics from self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in the potential alterations of pregnancy outcome in GDM are discussed. |
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