Mixing patterns and deep chlorophyll a maxima in an eutrophic tropical lake in western Mexico

In many temperate oligotrophic lakes, algal accumulations can form below the mixing zone. However, Deep Chlorophyll Maxima (DCM) have also been found in some eutrophic, tropical lakes and in this paper we aim to identify if they are recurrent features in these kinds of lakes and to recognize the factors that favor their formation. We analyzed 5 years of thermal stratification, water quality, and chlorophyll a concentrations in a tropical eutrophic lake in Central Mexico. Thermal stratification patterns were characteristic of warm monomictic lakes. Full water column deoxygenation during winter mixing was recorded in 3 of the analyzed years, and an increase of ~ 1 °C in the hypolimnion was detected between 2011 and 2015. DCM were detected in 4 out of the 5 studied years, at the top of the hypolimnion when the water column was stratified (spring–summer). This study is the first report of recurrent DCM formation in the northern limit of the Neotropics. It confirms that high light penetration is a necessary condition for DCM. Stratified nutrients with epilimnetic P depletion are also factors favoring DCM formation.